2015年英语四级考试每日一练(4月1日)
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在线测试本批《每日一练》试题，可查看答案及解析，并保留做题记录 >> 在线做题
单项选择题
1、听音频：
根据听力，回答题：
A．Go fishing．
B．Entertain at home．
C．Work at home．
D．Have a lest．
2、根据以下资料，回答题：
The Case for Killing Granny
A．My mother wanted to die，but the doctors wouldn't let her．At least that’s the way it seemed to me as I stood by her bed hi an intensive—care unit,at a hospital in Hilton Head，S．C，five years ago．My mother was 79，a longtime smoker who was dying of emphysema(肺气肿)．She knew that her quality of life was increasingly tied to an oxygen tank。That she was losing her ability to get about，and that she was slowly drowning，The doctors at her bedside were contrarotating various tests and procedures to keep her alive．but my mother．with a certain firmness I recognized，said no。She seemed puzzled and a bit frustrated that she had to be so insistent on her own death．
B．The hospital at my mother's assisted—living facility was sustained by Medicare，which pays by the procedure．I don’t think the doctors were trying to be greedy by pushing more treatments on my- mother．That’s just the way the system works．The doctors were responding to the expectations of almost all patients．As a doctor friend of mine puts it．“Americans want the best，they want the latest，
and they want it now．”we expect doctors to make heroic efforts-especially to save our lives and the fives of our loved ones。
C．The idea that we might ration health care to seniors(or lonely elsE． is political curse．Politicians do not dare breathe the word，lest they be accused-however wrongly-of trying to pull the plug on
Grandma．But the need to spend less money on the elderly at the end of life is the elephant in the room in the health,reform debate．Everyone sees it but no one wants to talk about it．At a more basic level．
Americans are afraid not just of dyin9．but of talking and thinking about death．Until Americans learn to regard death as more than a scientific challenge to be overcoat，our health—care system will remain unfixable．
D．Compared with other Western countries，the United States has more health care—but，generally
speakin9，not better health care．There is no way we can get control of costs，which have grown by nearly 50 percent in the past decade。without finding a way to stop over eating patients．In his address to Congress，President,Obama spoke airily about reducing inefficiency。but he slid past the hard choices t：hat will have to be made to stop health care from devouring ever-larger slices of the economy and tax dollar．A significant portion of the savings will have to come from the money we spend on seniors at the end of life because，as Willie Sutton explained about why he rubbed banks，that’s where the money’is．
E．As President Ob mna said．most of the uncontrolled growth in federal spending and the deficit cones from Medicare；nothing else comes close．Almost a third of the money spent by Medicare…about $66.8 bi]lion a year-goes to chronically ill patients in the last，two years of life．This might seem obvious…of smartarse the Costs come at the end，when patients are the sickest．But that can’t explain what researchers at Dartmouth have discovered：Medicare spends twice as much on similar patients in sonic parts of the country as hi others．The average cost of a Medicare patient in Miami is$1 6．351：the average in Honolulu is $5，311．In the．Bronx，N．Y．，it’s $12，543。In Far90，N．D．$5，738．1ittle average Medicare patient,undergoing end—of-life treatment spends 2 1。9 days in a blam_hat tan hospital．In Mason City，Iowa，he or she spends only 6．1 days．
F．An this treatment does not necessarily buy better care．In fact。the Dartmouth studies have found
worse outcomes in many states and cities where there is more health care．Why?Because just+going Into the hospital has risks-of infection，or error，or other lm foreseen complications．Some studies estimate that Americas are over treated by roughly 30 percent．—It's not about rationing care-that’s always the bogeyman(魔鬼)people use to block reform，”says Dr．Elliott Fisher，a professor’at Dartmouth Medical School．“The real problem．is unnecessary and unwanted care．”
G．But how do you decide which treatments to cut out?How do you choose between the necessary and the unnecessary?There has been talk among experts and lawmakers of giving more power to a panel of government experts to decide-Britain has one，called the National Institute for Health and Clinical
Excellence(known by the somewhat ironic acronym NICE．．But no one wants the horror stories of
denied care and long waits that are said to plague state—run national health·care systems．After the summer of angry town halls，no politician is going to get anywhere near something that could be called a“death panel”．
H．Ever-rising health—care spending now consumes about l7 percent of the economy，At the current rote of increase。it will devour a fifth of GDP by 2018。We cannot afford to sustain a productive economy with so much．money going to health care．Over tinle，economic reality may force us to adopt a
national health·care system like Britain’s or Canada's．But before that day arrives，there are stops we can take to reduce costs without totally turning the system inside out．
I．Other initiatives ensure that the elderly get counseling about end—of-life issues．Although demagogue (蛊惑民心的政客)as a“death panel”，a program in Wisconsin to get patients to talk to their doctors about how they want to deal win death was actually an outstanding success．A study by the Archives of Intermale Medicine shows that such conversations between doctors and patients call decrease costs by about 35 percent--while improving the quality of life at the end．
J．Patients should be encouraged to draft living wills to make their end．of-life desires known．
Unfortunately，such paper can be useless if there is a family member at the bedside demanding heroic measures．“A lot of the tittle guilt is playing a role，”says Dr．David Tokharian，a surgeon and CEO of the Massachusetts General Physicians Organization．Doctors can feel guilty．too—about overtreating Patients roric Diana．recalls his unease over operating to treat a severe heart infection in a woman with two forms of metastatic(转移)cancer who was already comatose(昏迷的).The family insisted．
K．Studies show that about 70 percent of people want to die at home—but that about half die in hospitals．
There has been an important hl-crease in hospice(临终关怀病房)or palliative (缓解的)care--keeping patients with．incurable diseases as comfortable as possible while they live out the remainder of their lives．Hospice services are generally intended for the terminally ill in the last six months of life，but as a practical matter, many people receive hospice care for only a few weeks.
L．That's what my mother wanted. After convincing the doctors that she meant it--that she really was ready to die--she was transferred from the ICU to a hospice, where, five days later, she passed away. In the ICU, as they removed all the monitors and pulled out all the tubes and wires, she made a shaking motion with her hands. She seemed to be signaling goodbye to all that--I'm free to go in peace.
Receipting counseling about end-of-life issues may improve the patients' quality of life at the end.
3、根据材料，回答问题。
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
A．She buys many clothes.
B．She buys a lot of chocolate.
C．She eats a lot of things.
D．She sleeps a great deal.
4、根据材料，回答问题。
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
A．Whether or not snowflakes can be analyzed.
B．How snowflakes are formed.
C．What causes a snowstorm.
D．Where the largest snowflakes can be found.
5、Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A ),B．, C． andD．, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
A．She copied another course guide.
B．She decided to skip class.
C．She went to the library instead.
D．She shared a friend's course guide.
6、听句子，回答问题。
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
A．Colorado.
B．Arizona.
C．The Nile River.
D．The Museum of Natural History.
7、听句子，回答问题。
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
A．She is going to study in another country.
B．She received a letter from a Japanese friend.
C．She got a job at a travel agency,
D．She met a Japanese friend at a travel agency.
8、Passage One
Questionsare based on the following passage．
Scientists at Washington University School of Medicine in the US found higher levels of protein S1PR2(磷酸鞘氨醇受体蛋白)in tests on the brains of female mice and dead women with MS than in male equivalents．Four times more women than men are currently diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis(多发性硬化症)．
Experts said the finding was “really interesting”．MS affects the nerves in the brain and spinal cord，which causes problems with muscle movement，balance and vision．It is a major cause of disability, and affects about 1 00，000 people in the UK．Abnormal immune cells a Rack nerve cells in the central Nervous system in MS patients．There is currently no cure，A．though there are treatments that can help in the early stages of the disease．
Researchers in Missouri looked at relapsing remitting(复发缓解型)MS，where people have distinct attacks of symptoms that then fade away either partially or completely．About 85% of all people with MS have this type．Scientists studied the blood vessels and brains of healthy mice，mice with MS，and mice without the gene for SlPR2，a blood vessel receptor protein，to see how it affected MS severity．They A．so 100ked at the brain tissue samples of 20 people after they had died．They found high levels of S1PR2 in the areas of the brain typically damaged by MS in both mice and people．The activity of the gene coding for S1 PR2 was positively correlated with the severity of the disease in mice．the study said．．
Scientists said S l PR2 could work by helping to make the blood-brain barrier,in charge of stopping potentially harmful substances from entering the brain and spial fluid．more permeable．A more permeable barrier could let attacking cells，which cause MS，into the central nervous system，the study said．This link[between MS and S lPR2] is completely new一it has never been found before．
Dr Emma Gray,of the MS Society, said：”We don’t yet fully understand why MS affects more women than men, and it’s an area that’s intrigued scientists，and people with MS，for many years．She said understanding the causes of MS was a“priority”for the MS Society in the UK．and could be“crucial”in finding new treatments．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
What can we infer from the last sentence in Para．1 ?
A．Women are more likely to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis．
B．Men are more likely to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis．
C．Male mice are more likely to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis．
D．Female mice are more likely to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis．
9、Questionsare based on the following passage．
Until recently,I had liale idea what palm oil(棕榈油)is and why some people consider it one of the most controversial ingredients found in nearly half of our supermarket products．But when I found out why people were upset，1 was moved to take action．
The Southeast Asian country of Indonesia is the world’s biggest exporter of palm oil，which has been both a blessing and a curse．It's a massive industry,providing income for thousands of workers，but palm oilis also the largest driver of the mass destruction of Indonesia’s rain forests．The consequences of this destruction are significant：the loss of biodiversity,conflicts with communities who depend on the forest for their own livelihoods，and increasing emissions of green house gases that cause climate change．
Forests are home to countless species．There are as few as 400 Sumatran tigers left in Indonesia,and their time on earth is running out．Greenpeace has released research showing that the expansion of oil palm and pulpwood plantations was responsible for nearly two-thirds of the destruction of Sumatran tiger habitat from 2009 to 20 11．Sumatran tigers，forced to flee from the destruction of their homes,also find themselves in direct contact with humans．Many are killed or maimed as local residents try to protect themselves from the scared animals．The decline of Sumatlan tigers is a measure of the loss of rain forest，biodiversity and also climate stability．If the tigers disappear,then we are facing all environmental tragedy．
If you eat chocolate，wash your hair or your clothes，there’s a good chance you are being made a part of this cycle of destruction．And not by choice．Palm oil can and must make a genuine contribution to Indonesia and its people．And part of the solution rests with global brands that make the products we consume daily．Palm oil that results from forest destruction is traded around the world．But together we can say enough is enough．It’s time big brands guarantee you and me that forest destruction is not a part of their products．
We are all a part of the future，and together we can ensure these magnificent animals are．too．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Why is the great export of palm oil both a blessing and a curse?
A．Because every coin has two sides，without the exception of export of palm oil．
B．Because it is both a stimulation of economy increase and climate warming．
C．Because it both makes contribution to climate improvement and economy decline．
D．Because it is both the driver of large income and huge destruction of forests．
简答题
10、
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
1、听音频：
点击播放
根据听力，回答题：
A．Go fishing．
B．Entertain at home．
C．Work at home．
D．Have a lest．
2、根据以下资料，回答题：
The Case for Killing Granny
A．My mother wanted to die，but the doctors wouldn't let her．At least that’s the way it seemed to me as I stood by her bed hi an intensive—care unit,at a hospital in Hilton Head，S．C，five years ago．My mother was 79，a longtime smoker who was dying of emphysema(肺气肿)．She knew that her quality of life was increasingly tied to an oxygen tank。That she was losing her ability to get about，and that she was slowly drowning，The doctors at her bedside were contrarotating various tests and procedures to keep her alive．but my mother．with a certain firmness I recognized，said no。She seemed puzzled and a bit frustrated that she had to be so insistent on her own death．
B．The hospital at my mother's assisted—living facility was sustained by Medicare，which pays by the procedure．I don’t think the doctors were trying to be greedy by pushing more treatments on my- mother．That’s just the way the system works．The doctors were responding to the expectations of almost all patients．As a doctor friend of mine puts it．“Americans want the best，they want the latest，
and they want it now．”we expect doctors to make heroic efforts-especially to save our lives and the fives of our loved ones。
C．The idea that we might ration health care to seniors(or lonely elsE． is political curse．Politicians do not dare breathe the word，lest they be accused-however wrongly-of trying to pull the plug on
Grandma．But the need to spend less money on the elderly at the end of life is the elephant in the room in the health,reform debate．Everyone sees it but no one wants to talk about it．At a more basic level．
Americans are afraid not just of dyin9．but of talking and thinking about death．Until Americans learn to regard death as more than a scientific challenge to be overcoat，our health—care system will remain unfixable．
D．Compared with other Western countries，the United States has more health care—but，generally
speakin9，not better health care．There is no way we can get control of costs，which have grown by nearly 50 percent in the past decade。without finding a way to stop over eating patients．In his address to Congress，President,Obama spoke airily about reducing inefficiency。but he slid past the hard choices t：hat will have to be made to stop health care from devouring ever-larger slices of the economy and tax dollar．A significant portion of the savings will have to come from the money we spend on seniors at the end of life because，as Willie Sutton explained about why he rubbed banks，that’s where the money’is．
E．As President Ob mna said．most of the uncontrolled growth in federal spending and the deficit cones from Medicare；nothing else comes close．Almost a third of the money spent by Medicare…about $66.8 bi]lion a year-goes to chronically ill patients in the last，two years of life．This might seem obvious…of smartarse the Costs come at the end，when patients are the sickest．But that can’t explain what researchers at Dartmouth have discovered：Medicare spends twice as much on similar patients in sonic parts of the country as hi others．The average cost of a Medicare patient in Miami is$1 6．351：the average in Honolulu is $5，311．In the．Bronx，N．Y．，it’s $12，543。In Far90，N．D．$5，738．1ittle average Medicare patient,undergoing end—of-life treatment spends 2 1。9 days in a blam_hat tan hospital．In Mason City，Iowa，he or she spends only 6．1 days．
F．An this treatment does not necessarily buy better care．In fact。the Dartmouth studies have found
worse outcomes in many states and cities where there is more health care．Why?Because just+going Into the hospital has risks-of infection，or error，or other lm foreseen complications．Some studies estimate that Americas are over treated by roughly 30 percent．—It's not about rationing care-that’s always the bogeyman(魔鬼)people use to block reform，”says Dr．Elliott Fisher，a professor’at Dartmouth Medical School．“The real problem．is unnecessary and unwanted care．”
G．But how do you decide which treatments to cut out?How do you choose between the necessary and the unnecessary?There has been talk among experts and lawmakers of giving more power to a panel of government experts to decide-Britain has one，called the National Institute for Health and Clinical
Excellence(known by the somewhat ironic acronym NICE．．But no one wants the horror stories of
denied care and long waits that are said to plague state—run national health·care systems．After the summer of angry town halls，no politician is going to get anywhere near something that could be called a“death panel”．
H．Ever-rising health—care spending now consumes about l7 percent of the economy，At the current rote of increase。it will devour a fifth of GDP by 2018。We cannot afford to sustain a productive economy with so much．money going to health care．Over tinle，economic reality may force us to adopt a
national health·care system like Britain’s or Canada's．But before that day arrives，there are stops we can take to reduce costs without totally turning the system inside out．
I．Other initiatives ensure that the elderly get counseling about end—of-life issues．Although demagogue (蛊惑民心的政客)as a“death panel”，a program in Wisconsin to get patients to talk to their doctors about how they want to deal win death was actually an outstanding success．A study by the Archives of Intermale Medicine shows that such conversations between doctors and patients call decrease costs by about 35 percent--while improving the quality of life at the end．
J．Patients should be encouraged to draft living wills to make their end．of-life desires known．
Unfortunately，such paper can be useless if there is a family member at the bedside demanding heroic measures．“A lot of the tittle guilt is playing a role，”says Dr．David Tokharian，a surgeon and CEO of the Massachusetts General Physicians Organization．Doctors can feel guilty．too—about overtreating Patients roric Diana．recalls his unease over operating to treat a severe heart infection in a woman with two forms of metastatic(转移)cancer who was already comatose(昏迷的).The family insisted．
K．Studies show that about 70 percent of people want to die at home—but that about half die in hospitals．
There has been an important hl-crease in hospice(临终关怀病房)or palliative (缓解的)care--keeping patients with．incurable diseases as comfortable as possible while they live out the remainder of their lives．Hospice services are generally intended for the terminally ill in the last six months of life，but as a practical matter, many people receive hospice care for only a few weeks.
L．That's what my mother wanted. After convincing the doctors that she meant it--that she really was ready to die--she was transferred from the ICU to a hospice, where, five days later, she passed away. In the ICU, as they removed all the monitors and pulled out all the tubes and wires, she made a shaking motion with her hands. She seemed to be signaling goodbye to all that--I'm free to go in peace.
Receipting counseling about end-of-life issues may improve the patients' quality of life at the end.
3、根据材料，回答问题。
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
A．She buys many clothes.
B．She buys a lot of chocolate.
C．She eats a lot of things.
D．She sleeps a great deal.
4、根据材料，回答问题。
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
A．Whether or not snowflakes can be analyzed.
B．How snowflakes are formed.
C．What causes a snowstorm.
D．Where the largest snowflakes can be found.
5、Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A ),B．, C． andD．, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
A．She copied another course guide.
B．She decided to skip class.
C．She went to the library instead.
D．She shared a friend's course guide.
6、听句子，回答问题。
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
A．Colorado.
B．Arizona.
C．The Nile River.
D．The Museum of Natural History.
7、听句子，回答问题。
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
A．She is going to study in another country.
B．She received a letter from a Japanese friend.
C．She got a job at a travel agency,
D．She met a Japanese friend at a travel agency.
8、Passage One
Questionsare based on the following passage．
Scientists at Washington University School of Medicine in the US found higher levels of protein S1PR2(磷酸鞘氨醇受体蛋白)in tests on the brains of female mice and dead women with MS than in male equivalents．Four times more women than men are currently diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis(多发性硬化症)．
Experts said the finding was “really interesting”．MS affects the nerves in the brain and spinal cord，which causes problems with muscle movement，balance and vision．It is a major cause of disability, and affects about 1 00，000 people in the UK．Abnormal immune cells a Rack nerve cells in the central Nervous system in MS patients．There is currently no cure，A．though there are treatments that can help in the early stages of the disease．
Researchers in Missouri looked at relapsing remitting(复发缓解型)MS，where people have distinct attacks of symptoms that then fade away either partially or completely．About 85% of all people with MS have this type．Scientists studied the blood vessels and brains of healthy mice，mice with MS，and mice without the gene for SlPR2，a blood vessel receptor protein，to see how it affected MS severity．They A．so 100ked at the brain tissue samples of 20 people after they had died．They found high levels of S1PR2 in the areas of the brain typically damaged by MS in both mice and people．The activity of the gene coding for S1 PR2 was positively correlated with the severity of the disease in mice．the study said．．
Scientists said S l PR2 could work by helping to make the blood-brain barrier,in charge of stopping potentially harmful substances from entering the brain and spial fluid．more permeable．A more permeable barrier could let attacking cells，which cause MS，into the central nervous system，the study said．This link[between MS and S lPR2] is completely new一it has never been found before．
Dr Emma Gray,of the MS Society, said：”We don’t yet fully understand why MS affects more women than men, and it’s an area that’s intrigued scientists，and people with MS，for many years．She said understanding the causes of MS was a“priority”for the MS Society in the UK．and could be“crucial”in finding new treatments．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
What can we infer from the last sentence in Para．1 ?
A．Women are more likely to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis．
B．Men are more likely to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis．
C．Male mice are more likely to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis．
D．Female mice are more likely to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis．
9、Questionsare based on the following passage．
Until recently,I had liale idea what palm oil(棕榈油)is and why some people consider it one of the most controversial ingredients found in nearly half of our supermarket products．But when I found out why people were upset，1 was moved to take action．
The Southeast Asian country of Indonesia is the world’s biggest exporter of palm oil，which has been both a blessing and a curse．It's a massive industry,providing income for thousands of workers，but palm oilis also the largest driver of the mass destruction of Indonesia’s rain forests．The consequences of this destruction are significant：the loss of biodiversity,conflicts with communities who depend on the forest for their own livelihoods，and increasing emissions of green house gases that cause climate change．
Forests are home to countless species．There are as few as 400 Sumatran tigers left in Indonesia,and their time on earth is running out．Greenpeace has released research showing that the expansion of oil palm and pulpwood plantations was responsible for nearly two-thirds of the destruction of Sumatran tiger habitat from 2009 to 20 11．Sumatran tigers，forced to flee from the destruction of their homes,also find themselves in direct contact with humans．Many are killed or maimed as local residents try to protect themselves from the scared animals．The decline of Sumatlan tigers is a measure of the loss of rain forest，biodiversity and also climate stability．If the tigers disappear,then we are facing all environmental tragedy．
If you eat chocolate，wash your hair or your clothes，there’s a good chance you are being made a part of this cycle of destruction．And not by choice．Palm oil can and must make a genuine contribution to Indonesia and its people．And part of the solution rests with global brands that make the products we consume daily．Palm oil that results from forest destruction is traded around the world．But together we can say enough is enough．It’s time big brands guarantee you and me that forest destruction is not a part of their products．
We are all a part of the future，and together we can ensure these magnificent animals are．too．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Why is the great export of palm oil both a blessing and a curse?
A．Because every coin has two sides，without the exception of export of palm oil．
B．Because it is both a stimulation of economy increase and climate warming．
C．Because it both makes contribution to climate improvement and economy decline．
D．Because it is both the driver of large income and huge destruction of forests．
简答题
10、
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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