2015年英语四级考试每日一练(4月7日)
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单项选择题
1、根据下列材料，请回答题：
Gas price warning as cold March leads to short supplies
A.The cold snap in March could lead to Britain's gas supplies running out next month, forcing the nation to pay higher prices for fuel from elsewhere, as the demand increased quickly during the coldest March in 50 years. Forecasts suggest that gas supplies in the UK will be exhausted by 8 April. requiring Britain to turn to imports from Norway and Russia. The warning came on the day Scott is hand Southern Energy, one of the UK's biggest power suppliers, warned that there could be electricity blackouts in the country within three years. A lack of gas storage facilities, arid rapid reduction at the UK's North Sea gas fields, has led to the UK having as little as two days' supply of the fuel in reserve.
B．Though experts have warned of the problem for years, and the government has championed a "dash for gas" that would see a massive rise in demand for the fuel, little has been done to increase storage facilities.
C．Ian Marchant, chief executive of SSE(Scottish and Southern Energy said there was a“very real risk of the lights going out” within the next three years．SSE intends shutting down power plants，enough to have supplied 2 million homes’ lights going out．as the stations are either uneconomic or coming to the end of their fives．Other firms are also planning to take power stations out of service，including the UK’ S fleet of ageing nuclear reactors．increasing the risk that demand for electricity will exceed the available supply．Marchant said：“It appears the government is significantly underestimating the scale of the capacity chinch(危急情况．facing the UK in the next three years and there is a very real risk of the lights going out as a result．”
D．His comments follow warnin98 by Alistair Buchanan，the departing chief of gem(Office of the Gas and Electricity Markets．，that power shortages will be many times more likely in the next five years．Government estimates suggest that energy bills could rise by S l00 a year this winter．The warnings are particular blow to George Osborne，the chancellor(大臣．，who has championed a new “dash for gas” in the UK．that would see gas take over as the dominant fuel in the UK’ S power generation market．Much of the generating capacity that SSE plans to retire consists of gas — fired power stations．though the recent budget has given tax breaks for shale gas(页 岩气．extraction in the UK and indicated what could be the biggest expansion of UK gas—fired power in a generation．
E．SSE said gas—fired power Was uneconomic because of the fuel’s high price compared with coal. The move by SSE highlights the disputes over energy policy and energy generation, following upheavals(激变．in the international markets for fossil fuels．It also brings into quest：ion whether target to cut carbon dioxide can be met．
F．Andrew Pendleton，head of campaigns at Friends of the Earth，said energy firms were trying to hold the government to ransom(救赎．by threatening power cut that would help them extract concessions to get financial benefits．The UK has only six big energy suppliers to households．which campaigners．say reduces competition and raises prices．
G．Coal has become much cheaper because of the use of fossil fuel ill the US in the past five years．Where a massive increase in the supply of cheap gas is attributed to the controversial method of blasting dense rocks apart under high pressure．The coal that would have been burned in the US is now available on international markets at cut．price．and has now become “the preferred fuel”．according to SSE．
H．That is the opposite of what the government，and the EU intended by their energy policies in the past．decade．Coal Was supposed to become more expensive than gas．because of the EU’S emissions trading scheme．which puts a price on carbon emissions．That has not happened．because flaws within the system mean the price of carbon is near an all—time low．meaning coal—fired power stations are not penalised for their effect on the climate．
I．Marchant urged the government to bring forward reforms favouring gas．“Tile government can reduce this risk of power cuts very easily．by taking swift action to provide much greater clarity on its electricity market reforms．”
J．An energy bill is under discussion by parliament at the moment．SSE’s warnings were dismissed by green campaigners as “an attempt．to force the government’s hand”．Pendleton said：“The risk is thatthese companies are holding us to ransom，in order to make the environment more favourable to their forms of generation．There is a lot at stake here．Basing our energy strategy on gas rather than clean forms of energy such as renewables means we could be held to ransom more and more in the future in this way．It Could do a huge amount of harm．”
K．The government" rebuffed (回绝．the claims from SSE．John Hayes，minister for energy，said：“We’re alive to the challenge facing US．The bill before parliament will set the conditions for the investment needed to keep Britain’s lights on in the long-term the amount of spare power available today is currently comfortable．As old infrastructure(基础没施．closes over the coming years we expect this margin to reduce but we will make sure it stays manageable．”
L．Most of the UK's nuclear power plants are planned for closure by 2022．and many coal．fired stations must be closed or run at reduced capacity within the next few years because of EU rules on pollution．
M．Experts have warned for years of a loomin9“energy gap” between demand and supply，The building of wind farms and other forms of renewable energy。which were supposed to fill the gap．has been below expectations，in part due to planning laws．Hayes said：“we are not complacent(沽沾自喜的．about this…We are confident in our approach and in l he responsiveness of the market in providing secure power supplies．”Joss Garman，political director of Greenpeace，said：“Not content with the profits they’re making from sky—high energy bills the 9；m industry now seems to be trying to hold everybody to ransom--‘give US even more of your cash or we’ll turn out the nights”.
N．Cheap coal and the collapse of the carbon price have made gas burning less profitable，but that’s a reason to ban unabated(未减弱的．coal burning and reform the carbon market．not to give hand-outs the big six energy companies．“Gas—fired generation should only be a last．ditch backup for renewable energy sources．and ministers should prioritise support for interconnectors，storage，and combined heat anti power stations that would compliment renewables and guarantee we have secure power．”
Many of the UK's nuclear power plants and coal-fired stations are planned to be shut. down due to EU rules on pollution.
2、听音频：
听录音，回答题。
A．Plan his budget carefully.
B．Give her more information.
C．Ask someone else for advice.
D．Buy a gift for his girlfriend.
3、Questions are based on the following passage.
A newstudy shows a large gender gap on economic policy among the nation's professional economists,a divide similar to the gender divide found in the general public.
"Asa group, we are pro-market," says Ann Marl May, co-author of the study anda University of Nebraska economist. "But women are more likely to acceptgovernment regulation and involvement in economic activity than our malecolleagues. "
"It'svery puzzling," says free market economist Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. "Not a .day goes by that Idon't ask myself why there are so few women economists on the free market side."
A nativeof France, de Rugy supported government intervention (干预) early in her life butchanged her mind after studying economics. "We want many of the samethings as liberals--less poverty, more health care--but have radicallydifferent ideas on how to achieve it. "
IAberaleconomist Dean Baker, co-founder of the Center for Economic Policy andResearch, says male economists have been on the inside of the profession,confirming each other's antiregulation views. Women, as outsiders, "aremore likely to think independently or at least see people outside of theeconomics profession as forming their peer group," he says.
Thegender balance in economics is changing. One-third of economics doctorates (博士学位) now go to women."More diversity is needed at the table when pubflc policy isdiscussed," May says.
Economistsdo agree on some things. Female economists agree with men that Europe has toomuch regulation and that Wal-mart is good for society. Male economists agreewith their, female colleagues that military spending is too high.
Thegenders are most divorced from each other on the question of equality forwomen. Male economists overwhelmingly think the wage gap between men and womenis largely the result of indi~fluals' skills, experience and voluntary choices.Female economists overwhelmingly disagree by a margin of 4-to-1.
Thebiggest disagreement: 76% of women say faculty opportunities in economics favormen. Male economists point the opposite way: 80% say women are favored or theprocess is neutral.
What is the finding of the new study?
A．The gender divide is a big concern of the general public.
B．Men and women understand economics quite differently.
C．The gap between male and female economists needs to be closed.
D．Male and female economists disagree widely on economic policy,
填空题
4、 __________
简答题
5、中国致力于建设国家创新体系，通过营造良好的环境，推进知识创新、技术创新和体制创新。中国政府支持科学家为了国家需求和科学发展开展基础研究，鼓励他们进行“好奇心驱动的研究”。在未来50年甚至更长的时期里，中国的发展将在很大程度上依赖于今天基础研究和高技术研究的创新成就，依赖于这些研究中所必然孕育的人才。
6、 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark "Whether a teacher is competent or not--his or her students have the last word." You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.
Students' Evaluation of Their Teachers
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
7、 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Jobs College Graduates Want to Do based on the statistics provided in the chart below (College Graduates' Ideal Occupations). Please give a brief description of the chartfirst and then make comment on it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
Jobs College Graduates Want to Do
8、我国是茶叶的原产地，茶叶产量堪称世界之。饮茶在我国，不仅是一种生活习惯，更是一种源远流长的文化传统。中国人习惯以茶待客，并形成了相应的饮茶礼仪。按照我国传统文化的习俗，无论在任何场合，敬茶与饮茶的礼仪(the et i quette to offer tea and dr i nk tea)都是不可忽视的一环。以茶待客时。一般应当事先将茶沏好，装入茶杯，然后放在茶盘之内端入客厅。如果客人较多，务必要多备上几杯茶，以防供不应求。
9、You shouM write a short essay based on thefo#owing question．
Suppose you are going to prepare a gift for your mother’s birthday．What gift would you like to choose and why?
写作导航
1．指出的生日礼物应该来自于孩子。
2．从母亲无私的爱和母亲的期望出发阐述该观点的原因，即母亲的幸福和快乐源自于孩子，
3．进行总结，指出孩子应该长大，学会承担责任。
10、You should start your essay with a briefdescription of the picture and then express your views on the problem oftrust crisis．
写作导航
1．简要描述图片，指出人们之问缺少信任是一种不良社会现象，会产生严重后果；
2．从政府、社会机构(媒体和学校)和个人三个层面出发阐述了解决办法;
3．进行总结，建议人们从个人做起，谨小慎微，提高诚信意识。
1、根据下列材料，请回答题：
Gas price warning as cold March leads to short supplies
A.The cold snap in March could lead to Britain's gas supplies running out next month, forcing the nation to pay higher prices for fuel from elsewhere, as the demand increased quickly during the coldest March in 50 years. Forecasts suggest that gas supplies in the UK will be exhausted by 8 April. requiring Britain to turn to imports from Norway and Russia. The warning came on the day Scott is hand Southern Energy, one of the UK's biggest power suppliers, warned that there could be electricity blackouts in the country within three years. A lack of gas storage facilities, arid rapid reduction at the UK's North Sea gas fields, has led to the UK having as little as two days' supply of the fuel in reserve.
B．Though experts have warned of the problem for years, and the government has championed a "dash for gas" that would see a massive rise in demand for the fuel, little has been done to increase storage facilities.
C．Ian Marchant, chief executive of SSE(Scottish and Southern Energy said there was a“very real risk of the lights going out” within the next three years．SSE intends shutting down power plants，enough to have supplied 2 million homes’ lights going out．as the stations are either uneconomic or coming to the end of their fives．Other firms are also planning to take power stations out of service，including the UK’ S fleet of ageing nuclear reactors．increasing the risk that demand for electricity will exceed the available supply．Marchant said：“It appears the government is significantly underestimating the scale of the capacity chinch(危急情况．facing the UK in the next three years and there is a very real risk of the lights going out as a result．”
D．His comments follow warnin98 by Alistair Buchanan，the departing chief of gem(Office of the Gas and Electricity Markets．，that power shortages will be many times more likely in the next five years．Government estimates suggest that energy bills could rise by S l00 a year this winter．The warnings are particular blow to George Osborne，the chancellor(大臣．，who has championed a new “dash for gas” in the UK．that would see gas take over as the dominant fuel in the UK’ S power generation market．Much of the generating capacity that SSE plans to retire consists of gas — fired power stations．though the recent budget has given tax breaks for shale gas(页 岩气．extraction in the UK and indicated what could be the biggest expansion of UK gas—fired power in a generation．
E．SSE said gas—fired power Was uneconomic because of the fuel’s high price compared with coal. The move by SSE highlights the disputes over energy policy and energy generation, following upheavals(激变．in the international markets for fossil fuels．It also brings into quest：ion whether target to cut carbon dioxide can be met．
F．Andrew Pendleton，head of campaigns at Friends of the Earth，said energy firms were trying to hold the government to ransom(救赎．by threatening power cut that would help them extract concessions to get financial benefits．The UK has only six big energy suppliers to households．which campaigners．say reduces competition and raises prices．
G．Coal has become much cheaper because of the use of fossil fuel ill the US in the past five years．Where a massive increase in the supply of cheap gas is attributed to the controversial method of blasting dense rocks apart under high pressure．The coal that would have been burned in the US is now available on international markets at cut．price．and has now become “the preferred fuel”．according to SSE．
H．That is the opposite of what the government，and the EU intended by their energy policies in the past．decade．Coal Was supposed to become more expensive than gas．because of the EU’S emissions trading scheme．which puts a price on carbon emissions．That has not happened．because flaws within the system mean the price of carbon is near an all—time low．meaning coal—fired power stations are not penalised for their effect on the climate．
I．Marchant urged the government to bring forward reforms favouring gas．“Tile government can reduce this risk of power cuts very easily．by taking swift action to provide much greater clarity on its electricity market reforms．”
J．An energy bill is under discussion by parliament at the moment．SSE’s warnings were dismissed by green campaigners as “an attempt．to force the government’s hand”．Pendleton said：“The risk is thatthese companies are holding us to ransom，in order to make the environment more favourable to their forms of generation．There is a lot at stake here．Basing our energy strategy on gas rather than clean forms of energy such as renewables means we could be held to ransom more and more in the future in this way．It Could do a huge amount of harm．”
K．The government" rebuffed (回绝．the claims from SSE．John Hayes，minister for energy，said：“We’re alive to the challenge facing US．The bill before parliament will set the conditions for the investment needed to keep Britain’s lights on in the long-term the amount of spare power available today is currently comfortable．As old infrastructure(基础没施．closes over the coming years we expect this margin to reduce but we will make sure it stays manageable．”
L．Most of the UK's nuclear power plants are planned for closure by 2022．and many coal．fired stations must be closed or run at reduced capacity within the next few years because of EU rules on pollution．
M．Experts have warned for years of a loomin9“energy gap” between demand and supply，The building of wind farms and other forms of renewable energy。which were supposed to fill the gap．has been below expectations，in part due to planning laws．Hayes said：“we are not complacent(沽沾自喜的．about this…We are confident in our approach and in l he responsiveness of the market in providing secure power supplies．”Joss Garman，political director of Greenpeace，said：“Not content with the profits they’re making from sky—high energy bills the 9；m industry now seems to be trying to hold everybody to ransom--‘give US even more of your cash or we’ll turn out the nights”.
N．Cheap coal and the collapse of the carbon price have made gas burning less profitable，but that’s a reason to ban unabated(未减弱的．coal burning and reform the carbon market．not to give hand-outs the big six energy companies．“Gas—fired generation should only be a last．ditch backup for renewable energy sources．and ministers should prioritise support for interconnectors，storage，and combined heat anti power stations that would compliment renewables and guarantee we have secure power．”
Many of the UK's nuclear power plants and coal-fired stations are planned to be shut. down due to EU rules on pollution.
2、听音频：
点击播放
听录音，回答题。
A．Plan his budget carefully.
B．Give her more information.
C．Ask someone else for advice.
D．Buy a gift for his girlfriend.
3、Questions are based on the following passage.
A newstudy shows a large gender gap on economic policy among the nation's professional economists,a divide similar to the gender divide found in the general public.
"Asa group, we are pro-market," says Ann Marl May, co-author of the study anda University of Nebraska economist. "But women are more likely to acceptgovernment regulation and involvement in economic activity than our malecolleagues. "
"It'svery puzzling," says free market economist Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. "Not a .day goes by that Idon't ask myself why there are so few women economists on the free market side."
A nativeof France, de Rugy supported government intervention (干预) early in her life butchanged her mind after studying economics. "We want many of the samethings as liberals--less poverty, more health care--but have radicallydifferent ideas on how to achieve it. "
IAberaleconomist Dean Baker, co-founder of the Center for Economic Policy andResearch, says male economists have been on the inside of the profession,confirming each other's antiregulation views. Women, as outsiders, "aremore likely to think independently or at least see people outside of theeconomics profession as forming their peer group," he says.
Thegender balance in economics is changing. One-third of economics doctorates (博士学位) now go to women."More diversity is needed at the table when pubflc policy isdiscussed," May says.
Economistsdo agree on some things. Female economists agree with men that Europe has toomuch regulation and that Wal-mart is good for society. Male economists agreewith their, female colleagues that military spending is too high.
Thegenders are most divorced from each other on the question of equality forwomen. Male economists overwhelmingly think the wage gap between men and womenis largely the result of indi~fluals' skills, experience and voluntary choices.Female economists overwhelmingly disagree by a margin of 4-to-1.
Thebiggest disagreement: 76% of women say faculty opportunities in economics favormen. Male economists point the opposite way: 80% say women are favored or theprocess is neutral.
What is the finding of the new study?
A．The gender divide is a big concern of the general public.
B．Men and women understand economics quite differently.
C．The gap between male and female economists needs to be closed.
D．Male and female economists disagree widely on economic policy,
填空题
4、 __________
简答题
5、中国致力于建设国家创新体系，通过营造良好的环境，推进知识创新、技术创新和体制创新。中国政府支持科学家为了国家需求和科学发展开展基础研究，鼓励他们进行“好奇心驱动的研究”。在未来50年甚至更长的时期里，中国的发展将在很大程度上依赖于今天基础研究和高技术研究的创新成就，依赖于这些研究中所必然孕育的人才。
6、 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark "Whether a teacher is competent or not--his or her students have the last word." You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.
Students' Evaluation of Their Teachers
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
7、 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Jobs College Graduates Want to Do based on the statistics provided in the chart below (College Graduates' Ideal Occupations). Please give a brief description of the chartfirst and then make comment on it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
Jobs College Graduates Want to Do
8、我国是茶叶的原产地，茶叶产量堪称世界之。饮茶在我国，不仅是一种生活习惯，更是一种源远流长的文化传统。中国人习惯以茶待客，并形成了相应的饮茶礼仪。按照我国传统文化的习俗，无论在任何场合，敬茶与饮茶的礼仪(the et i quette to offer tea and dr i nk tea)都是不可忽视的一环。以茶待客时。一般应当事先将茶沏好，装入茶杯，然后放在茶盘之内端入客厅。如果客人较多，务必要多备上几杯茶，以防供不应求。
9、You shouM write a short essay based on thefo#owing question．
Suppose you are going to prepare a gift for your mother’s birthday．What gift would you like to choose and why?
写作导航
1．指出的生日礼物应该来自于孩子。
2．从母亲无私的爱和母亲的期望出发阐述该观点的原因，即母亲的幸福和快乐源自于孩子，
3．进行总结，指出孩子应该长大，学会承担责任。
10、You should start your essay with a briefdescription of the picture and then express your views on the problem oftrust crisis．
写作导航
1．简要描述图片，指出人们之问缺少信任是一种不良社会现象，会产生严重后果；
2．从政府、社会机构(媒体和学校)和个人三个层面出发阐述了解决办法;
3．进行总结，建议人们从个人做起，谨小慎微，提高诚信意识。
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