单项选择题
1、听录音,回答题

A．It is lined with tall trees．
B．It was widened recently．
C．It used to be dirty and disorderly．
D．It has high buildings on both sides．


2、听录音,回答题

A．It is often caused by a change of circumstances．
B．It actually doesn't require any special treatment．
C．It usually appears all of a sudden．
D．It generally lasts for several years．


3、
Surviving the Recession
A．America's recession began quietly at the end of 2007．Since then it has evolved into a global crisis.Reasonable people may disagree about whom to blame．Financiers who were not as clever as theythought they were? Regulators falling asleep at work? Consumers who borrowed too much? Politicianswho thoughtlessly promoted home-ownership for those who could not afford it? All are guilty; andwhat a mess they have created.
B．Since 2007 America has shed 5 million jobs．More than 15% of the workforce are jobless or underem-ployed-roughiy 25 million workers．The only industries swelling their payrolls are health care, utilitiesand the federal government．The value of listed shares in American firms collapsed by 57% from its
peak in October 2007 to a low in March this year, though it has since bounced back somewhat．In-dustrial production fell by 12.8% in the year to March, the worst slide since the Second World War.Mark Zandi, an economist at Moody's Economy.com, predicts that the recession will shrink America'seconomy by 3.5% in total．For most executives, this is the worst business environment they've everseen.
C．Times are so tough that even bosses are taking pay cuts．Median (中为数的) pay for chief executivesof S&P 500 companies fell 6.8% in 2008．The overthrown business giants of Wall Street took thebiggest knock, with average pay cuts of 38% and median bonuses of zero．But there was some painfor everyone: median pay for chief executives of non-fmancial firms in the S&P 500 fell by 2.7%.Nearly every business has a sad tale to tell．For example, Arne Sorenson, the president of Marriotthotels, likens the crisis to the downturn that hit his business after September llth,2001．When thetwin towers fell, Americans stopped travelling．Marriott had its worst quarter ever, with revenues perroom falling by 25%．This year, without a terrorist attack, the hotel industry is  "putting the samenumbers on the board", says Mr Soreuson.
D．The hotel bust (不景气), like most busts, was preceded by a breathtaldng boom．Although many otherbig firm.s resisted the temptation to over-borrow, developers borrowed heavily and built bigger andfancier hotels as if the whole world were planning a holiday in Las Vegas．When the bubble burst,demand collapsed．Hotel owners found themselves with a huge number of empty rooms even as a lotof unnecessary new hotels were ready to open.
E．Other industries have suffered even more．Large numbers of builders, property firms and retailershave gone bankrupt．And a disaster has hit Detroit．Last year the American car industry had the ca-pacity to make 17 million vehicles．Sales in 2009 could be barely haft of that．The Big Three Ameri-can carmakers--General Motors, Ford and Chrysler--accumulated ruinous costs over the post-waryears, such as gold-plated health plans and pensions for workers who retired as young as 48．Allthree are desperately restructuring．Only Ford may survive in its current form．Hard times breed hardfeelings．Few Americans understand what caused the recession．Some are seeking scapegoats (替罪羊).Politicians are happy to take advantage．Bosses have been summoned to Washington to be scoldedon live television．The president condemns their greed.
Extravagance (奢侈 ) is out
F．Businessfolk are bending over backwards to avoid seeming extravagant．Meetings at resorts are sud-denly unacceptable．Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, cancelled a conference in Las Vegas at thelast minute and rebooked it in San Francisco, which cost more but sounded less fun．Anyway, thepain will eventually end．American business will regain its shine．Many firms will die, but the sur-vivors will emerge leaner and stronger than before．The financial sector's share of the economy willshrink, and stay shrunk for years to come．The importance of non-financial firms will accordinglyrise, along with their ability to attract the best talent．America will remain the best place on earth todo business, so long as Barack Obama and the Democrats in Congress resist the temptation to inter-fere too much, and so long as organised labour does not overplay its hand.
G．The crisis will prove hugely disruptive (破坏性的), however．Bad management techniques will be ex-posed．Necessity will force the swift adoption of more efficient ones．At the same time, technologicalinnovation (创新) will barely pause for breath, and two big political changes seem likely．Mr Obama'splan to curb carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (排放), though necessary, will be far from cost-free,whatever his sunny speeches on the subject might suggest．The shift to a loW-carbon economy willhelp some firms, hurt others and require every organisation that uses much energy to rethink how itoperates．It "is harder to predict how Mr Obama's proposed reforms to the failing health-care systemwill turn out．If he succeeds in curbing costs--a big if--it would be a huge gain for America．Somebusinesses will benefit but the vast bulk of the savings will be captured by workers, not their em-ployers.
H．In the next couple of years the businesses that thrive will be those that are tight with costs, carefulof debt, cautious with cash flow and extremely attentive to what customers want．They will includeplenty of names no one has yet heard of．Times change, and corporations change with them．In 1955Time's Man of the Year was Harlow Curtice, the boss of GM．His firm was leading America towards"a new economic order", the magazine wrote．Thanks to men like Curtice,  "the bonds of scarcity"had been broken and America was rolling "to an all-time high of prosperity"．Soon, Americans wouldneed to spend "comparatively little time earning a living".
I．Half a century later GM is a typical example for poor management．In March its chief executive wasfired by Time's current Man of the Year, Mr Obama．The government now backs up the domestic carindustry, lending it money and overseeing its turnaround plans．With luck, this will be short-lived．Butthere is a danger that Washington will end up micromanaging not only Detroit but also other parts ofthe economy．And clever as Mr Obama's advisers are, history suggests they will be bad at this.
Because Harlow Curtice's firm was leading America in creating  "a new economic order", he wasnamed by Time magazine as Man of the Year in 1955.


4、
Which Hand Did They Use?
A) We all know that many more people today are right-handed than left-handed. Can one trace this same pattern far back in prehistory? Much of the evidence about right-hand versus left-hand dominance comes from stencils and prints found in rock shelters in Australia and elsewhere, and in many Ice Age caves in France, Spain, and Tasmania. When a left hand has been stenciled, this implies that the artist was fight-handed, and vice versa. Even though the paint was often sprayed on by month, one can assume that the dominant hand assisted in the operation. One also has to make the assumption that hands were stenciled palm downward--a left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look as if it were a fight hand. Of 158 stencils in the French cave of Gargas, 136 have been identified as left, and only 22 as right; right-handedness was therefore heavily predominant.
B) Cave art furnishes other types of evidence of this phenomenon. Most engravings, for exan~ple, are best lit from the left, as befits the work of fight-handed artists, who generally prefer to have the light source on the left so that the shadow of their hand does not fall on the tip of the engraving tool or brush. In the few cases where an Ice Age figure is depicted holding something, it is mostly, though not always, in the right hand.
C) Clues to right-handedness can also be found by other methods. Right-handers tend to have longer, stronger, and more muscular bones on the right side, and Marcellin Boule as long ago as 1911 noted the La Chapel le-aux-Saints Neanderthal skeleton had a right upper arm bone that was noticeably stronger than the left. Similar observations have been made on other Neanderthal skeletons such as La Ferrassie I and Neanderthal itself.
D) Fractures and other cut marks are another source of evidence. Right-handed soldiers tend to be wounded on the left. The skeleton of a 40- or 50-year-old Nabatean warrior, buried 2,000 years ago in the Negev Desert, Israel, had multiple healed fractures to the skull, the left arm, and the ribs.
E) Tools themselves can be revealing. Long-handed Neolithic spoons of yew wood preserved in Alpine villages dating to 3000 B.C. have survived; the signs of rubbing on their left side indicate that their users were fight-handed. The late Ice Age rope found in the French cave of Lascaux consists of fibers spiraling to the fight, and was therefore tressed by a right-hander.
F) Occasionally one can determine whether stone tools were used in the right hand or the left, and it is even possible to assess how far back this feature can be traced. In stone toolmaking experiments, Nick Toth, a fight-bander, held the core (the stone that would become the tool) in his left hand and the hammer stone in his fight. As the tool was made, the core was rotated clockwise, and the flakes, removed in sequence, had a little crescent of cortex (the core's outer surface) on the side. Toth's knapping produced 56 percent flakes with the cortex on the right, and 44 percent left-oriented flakes. A left-handed toolmaker would produce the opposite pattern Toth has applied these criteria to the similarly made pebble tools from a number of early sites ( before 1.5 million years ) at Koobi Fora, Kenya, probably made by Homo habilis. At seven sites he found that 57 percent of the flakes were fight-oriented, and 43 percent left, a pattern almost identical to that produced today.
G) About 90 percent of modem humans are right-handed: we are the only mammal with a preferential use of one hand. The part of the brain responsible for fine control and movement is located in the left cerebral hemisphere，and the findings above suggest that the human brain was already asymmetrical in its structure and function not long after 2 million years ago. Among Neanderthalers of 70, 000-35, 000 years ago, Marcellin Boule noted that the La Chapelle-aux-Saints individual had a left hemisphere slightly bigger than the right，and the same was found for brains of specimens from Neanderthal，Gibraltar，and La Quina.
H)The longitudinal fissure separates the human brain into two distinct cerebral hemispheres，connected by the corpus callosum. The hemispheres exhibit strong，but not complete，bilateral symmetry in both structure and function. For example，structurally，the lateral sulcus generally is longer in the left hemisphere than in the right hemisphere，and functionally，Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area are present only in the left hemisphere in greater than 95％ of the population. Broad generalizations are often made in popular psychology about one side or the other having characteristic labels，such as“logical’’for the left side or“creative”for the fight. These labels need to be treated carefully；although a lateral dominance is measurable，both hemispheres contribute to both kinds of processes，and experimental evidence provides little suppoa for correlating the structural differences between the sides with such broadly-defined functional differences.
I)The extent of any modularity，or specialization of brain function by area，remains under investigation. If a specific region of the brain，or even an entire hemisphere，is either injured or destroyed，its functions can sometimes be assumed by a neighboring region in the ipsilateral hemisphere or a corresponding region in the contralateral hemisphere，depending upon the area damaged and the patient’s age. When injury interferes with pathways from one area to another，alternative(indirect)connections may develop to communicate information with detached areas，despite the inefficiencies. Brain function lateralization is evident in the phenomena of right-or left—handedness and of fight or left ear preference，but a person’s preferred hand is not a clear indication of the location of brain function. Although 95％ of fight-handed people have left—hemisphere dominance for language. 18. 8％of left-handed people have fight-hemisphere dominance for language function. Additionally, 19.8％of the left-handed have bilateral language functions. Even within various language functions(e. g. semantics，syntax，prosody韵律)，degree(and even hemisphere)of dominance may differ.
It is acknowledged that there are more right-handed than left·handed people.


5、听录音,回答题

A．Alcohol helps develop people's intelligence.
B．Heavy drinking is not necessarily harmful to one's health.
C．Controlled drinking helps people keep their wits as they age.
D．Drinking, even moderately, may harm one's health.


简答题
6、For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled on Fighting Against Drunk Driving．You should include in your essay the cause of drunk driving and solutions to it．You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words．Write your essay on Answer Sheet l．
On Fighting Against Drunk Driving

7、 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write .a shortesJay.based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a briefaccount of the impact of the lnternet on the way people coramunicate andthen explain whether electronic communication can replace face-to-facecontact. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

"Dear Andy--How are you? Your mother and I arefree. We both miss you and hope you are doing well.We look forward to seeing you again the next timeyour computer crashes and you come downstairs forsomething to eat. Love, Morn and Dad."


8、 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Jobs College Graduates Want to Do based on the statistics provided in the chart below (College Graduates' Ideal Occupations). Please give a brief description of the chartfirst and then make comment on it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.

________________________________________
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Jobs College Graduates Want to Do

9、麻将是中国人主要的休闲娱乐之一。它起源于中国，其历史可追溯到三四千年以前。麻将原是皇家和王公贵族们的游戏，在长期的历史演变过程中，逐步从宫廷流传到民间，到清朝中期基本定型。麻将自1920年传入美国后。受欢迎的程度并不比在中国逊色。在南加州就常常举办麻将比赛。有人说，麻将之所以在国外那么受欢迎，正是源于外国人对中国古老文化的认知和认同(recogn i t i on and acceptance)。


10、杭州位于中国东南沿海，是中国的“丝绸之府”(the Home of S i I k)。意大利著名旅行家马可-波罗赞叹杭州为“世界上美丽的华贵之城”。西湖位于杭州西部，以秀丽的湖光山色和众多的名胜古迹闻名中外。它是为数不多的免费5A景区。春夏秋冬都有其独特的魅力。饭后漫步西湖，看一看音乐喷泉，听一听街头弹奏，是一件惬意的事情。