单项选择题
1、Questions are bused on the conversation you have just heard．

A．Italy．
B．Portugal．
C．Spain．
D．Costa Rica．


2、听录音,
回答题

A． See a doctor about her strained shoulder, 
B． Use a ladder to help her reach the tea．
C． Replace the cupboard with a new one． 
D． Place the tea on lower sheLf next time．


3、Questions are based on the following passage.
More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are con- trolled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap big reward. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.
It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.
Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the ,crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.
Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled (诈骗)the most confidential (保密)records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.
It can be concluded from the passage that
A．it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today
B．people commit computer crimes at the request of their company
C．computer criminals escape punishment because they can't be detected
D．computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions


4、Questions  sire based on the following passage．
According to sociologists，there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group．In the family，traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents．In other cases，such as friendship groups，one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders，although there is no formal process of selection．In larger groups，leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment．
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability，decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of“natural leaders”．It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common；rather，virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group。
Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals．Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group．Group members look to instrumental leaders to“get things done”．Expressive leadership．on the other hand，is leadership that emphasizes the collective well—beings of a social group’s members．Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them．
Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members．Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group．They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group．As the difference in these two roles suggest，expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members；instrumental leaders，if they are successful in promoting group goals，may enjoy a more distant respect．
What does the passage mainly discuss?
A．The problems faced by leaders．
B．How leadership differs in small and large groups．
C．How social groups determine who will lead them．
D． The role of leaders in social groups．


5、Questions are based on the following passage.
Small increases in temperature found to add power to storms in the Atlantic.
Hurricanes that form in the Atlantic Ocean are expected to gain considerable strength as the global
temperature continues to rise, a new study has found.
Using modeling data focused on the conditions in which hurricanes form, a group of international re- searchers based at Beijing Normal University found that for every 1.8~F(1~C) rise of the Earth's temper- ature, the number of hurricanes in the Atlantic that are as strong or stronger than Hurricane Katrina will increase twofold to sevenfold.
 Hurricane strength is directly related to the heat of the water where the storm forms. More water va- por in the air from evaporating ocean water adds fuel to hnricanes--also called cyclones and typhoons in different parts of the world--that build strength and head toward land.
 Hurricane Katrina is widely considered the measure for a destructive storm, holding the maximum Category 5 designation for a full 24 hours in late August 2005. It lost strength as it passed over the Flori- da Peninsula, but gained destructive power right before colliding with New Orleans, killing more than200 people and causing $ 80 billion in damage.
 The study points to a gradual increase of Katrina-like events. The warming experienced over the 20th century doubled the number of such debilitating storms. But the ongoing warming of the planet into the 21st century could increase the frequency of the worst kinds of storms by 700 percent, threatening coast- lines along the Atlantic Ocean with multiple Category 5 storms every year.
 "Our results support the idea that changes in regional sea surface temperatures is the primary cause of hurricane variability," said Aslak Girnstead, a researcher with the Center for Ice and Climate at the Uni- versity of Copenhagen. The large impact of small sea-surface temperature increases was more than Girn- stead and his colleagues had anticipated. The entire study was published in the Proceedings of the Nation- al Academy of Sciences.
 Global temperatures have steadily increased, making the past decade the warmest on record. Earlier this year, climate researchers reported that the Earth's temperatures have risen faster in the last century than at any point since the last ice age, 11,300 years ago. The primary cause, a consensus of scientists has said, is the rising emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane.
 Past hurricanes have supported the study's finding that global temperature rise is linked to more de- structive storms. According to the National Center for Atmospheric Research, while the frequency of storms doesn'.t appear to have increased, the percentage of strong ones has risen sharply over the past few decades. The trend may be similar further back in time, but comprehensive hurricane data doesn't exist.
According to the team of international researchers based at Beijing Normal University, the rise of the Earth's temperature is likely to cause
A． the coming of ice age
B． less intense hurricanes
C． more Katrina-like or worse hurricanes
D． more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere


6、根据材料，回答问题。
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet.
Psychologists who study optimization ( 优化 ) compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents (支持者) of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take,they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent (相关的) considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.
Since most important problems are multifaceted (多层面的), there are several alternatives to choose from,each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for my college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.
A decision-making worksheet begins with succinct ( 简洁的) statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"
Of the following stepsis the one that occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet.
A．listing the consequences of each solution
B．calculating a numerical summary of each solution
C．writing down all possible solutions
D．deciding which consequences are most important


7、根据以下资料，回答题：
Passage One
Quesaons 56 to 60 are based on thefollowingpassage．
The vast glaciers of western Antarctica are rapidly melting and losing ice to the sea and almost certainly have“passed the point of no return，”according to new work by two separate teams of scientists．
The likely result：a rise in global sea levels of 4 feet or more in the coming centuries，says research made public Monday by scientists at the University of Washington，the University of California-Irvine and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory．
“It really is an amazingly distressing situation，”says Pennsylvania State University glaciologist(冰川学家)Sridhar Anandakrishnan，who was not affiliated with either study．“This is a huge part of West Antarctica．and it seems to have been kicked over the edge．”
The researchers say the fate of the glaciers is almost certainly beyond hope．
One study shows that a river of ice called Thwaites Glacier is probably in the early stages of collapse．Total collapse is almost inevitable．the study shows．
A second study shows that a halfdozen glaciers are pouring ice into the sea at an ever-greater pace．That will trigger 4 feet of sea-level rise，says study author Eric Rignot，a glaciologist at the University of Califomia-Irvine，and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory．
“The retreat of ice in that area is unstoppable，”Rignot said at a briefing Monday,adding that the glaciers have“passed the point of no return．”
Rignot and his team used data from satellites and aircraft to map changes in six West Antarctic glaciers and the terrain underlying these massive ice floes(浮冰)．The data show the glaciers are stretching out，thinning and shrinking in volume．They’re A．so flowing faster from the continent’s interior to the sea，dumping larger quantities of ice into the ocean than before and thereby raising sea levels．
At the same time，the portion of each glacier projecting into the sea is being melted from below by warm ocean water．That leads to a vicious cycle of more thinning and faster flow,and the local Terrain offers no barrier to the glaciers’retreat，the researchers report in an upcoming issue of Geophysical Research Leaers．
A report in this week’s Science says the Thwaites Glacier will collapse．perhaps in 200 years．The paper doesn’t specify the amount of sea-level rise associated with nlwaites’demise．

Who contributed to the Monday research?
A．The two separate teams of scientists．
B．Scientists at the University of Washington，of California．Irvine and NASA's Lab．
C．Scientists at Pennsylvania State University．
D．Several glaciologists．


8、听音频：
根据听到的内容，回答题。

A．Her car actually got no problem．
B．She was charged unfairly to have her car fixed．
C．She can get by with her car．
D．It is too expensive to have the car fixed．


简答题
9、examples to illustrateyourpoint．
写作导航
1．通过俗语来诠释行动决定一个人的价值；
2．进一步解释行动的重要性，并以愚公移山的故事来举例说明；
3．得出结论，呼吁大家停止空谈，要诉诸行动。


10、赛龙舟(Dragon Boat Race)是端午节的主要习俗，这一传统早出现于战国时代(Warring
States Period．。相传古时楚国人因为不合得贤臣屈原投江而死，许多人划船追赶去救他，但依然不见其踪迹。此后每年农历五月五日，人们都赛龙舟来纪念他。人们觉得划龙舟可以驱散江中的鱼儿，以避免它们吃掉屈原的尸体。现在，赛龙舟除了纪念屈原，还成为了一种比赛项目。1980年，赛龙舟被列入中国国家体育比赛项目。