单项选择题
1、
A Brief History of Online Shopping
A）When Amazon.com opened for business 15 years ago，it was nothing more than a few people packing and shipping boxes of books from a two-car garage in Bellevue, WaSh．Jeff Bezos, Amazon founder’ and CEO, had left New York City．for the Pacific Northwest，using some of his time on the road to write the company’s business plan．Books were packed on a table made out of an extra door they found lying in the new home a practice the company continues today in spirit by making many of the office’s desks out of doors.
B）Now, on its 15th anniversary, Amazon can raise a toast to being one of the largest online retailers in the world，selling everything from trumpets and golf carts to dishwashers and clothes．Despite the economic recession，online retail：in the U.S．grew 11％ last year，according to a report released this March from Forrester Research．More than 150 million people about two-thirds of all Internet users in the U.S．-bought something online last year．It’s a staggering leap for an industry used by 27％ of the nation's online population a decade ago.
C）One of the first known Web purchases took place．in 1994．It was an Italian pizza with  mushrooms and extra cheese from Pizza Hut，a somewhat appropriate purchase for the early days of the Internet．When Amazon came on the scene not long after, selling books online was a curious idea．After all, why would people buy a textbook online when they could go to a bookstore? But eventually，a revolutionary change in culture and groupthink took place．Buying things online was all about price and selection，says Ellen Davis, a vice president with the National Retail Federation．If you lived in a small town with just one bookstore and they didn’t stock the novel you wanted，the Internet was a solution．
D）The big sellers were “hard goods,” those things you didn’t have to touch，feel or smell in order to buy, such as books, computers and other electronics．Now, nothing is off limits．“As the Internet has evolved，it’s become a channel where you can buy anything，”Davis says．“You can buy fragrances（香水）--something you would have normally thought you would need to go to a store and actually experience before you decided to buy．”
E）Part of the shift has to do with the normalizing of giving out personal information online．All it takes is one click of the purchase button before consumers start to feel more comfortable using their Credit-card information online，Davis says．Now some consumers have so much trust that they allow retailers to save their credit-card and shipping information，which has given rise to a painless checkout process．
F） And part of it had to do with making the online experience more like an in-store shopping trip．Many sites geared themselves toward consumers who like to try before they buy．While Web shoppers technically have to buy the item first，sites such as Zappos, which specializes in shoes，and Piperlime, which sells clothes and accessories，offer free shipping on returns．If you buy it，try it and don’t like it，having to return the item is less of a concern．Other stores try to make it easier for customers to get the look and feel of a product without actually handling the goods．Sears.com and Gap.com allow customers to zoom（拉近）way in on products to examine their material and color up close．Others such as Bed，Bath＆Beyond and Buy．com feature product videos that allow shoppers to see，for example, a grill（烤架）cleaner in action．And then there are sites like Overstock.com that capitalize on the goods physical stores can’t sell．Beyond its discounts, Overstock.com wins customer loyalty by making online deals with fiat-rate shipping of $2.95 on everything from earrings to refrigerators．
G）Even famously resistant designers and luxury retailers are putting goods online．According to Bain＆Co.’s luxury-goods study last year, while the luxury-goods industry overall lost 896 worldwide last year, luxury sales online grew 20％．This September MarcJacobs.com will have more than just videos of models walking on the runway on his website．Jacobs will join others such as Jimmy Ch00，Hugo Boss and Donna Karan，all of whom sell，or will soon start selling，products through their websites．The upside? Consumers will soon be able to buy many high-end goods without enduring the bad service of a department store salesclerk．
H）All of this online shopping has given rise to a new version of one of America’s favorite holidays．Cyber Monday was coined in 2005 to represent the boom in online sales that comes the Monday after Black Friday--the day after Thanksgiving and the largest shopping day of the year．Though Cyber Monday has never overshadowed Black Friday’s sales，customers are more comfortable doing shopping online than ever．83％of consumers say they are more confident in making a purchase when they have conducted research online as opposed to speaking to a salesperson in a store．
I）While retailers were initially terrified of what bad reviews could do to their bottom line，they’ve since witnessed the power of a compliment and embraced the practice．Despite initial fears，says Craig Berman, Amazon’s vice president of global communications, product reviews have only served to increase their customer loyalty．“It helped us build customer trust.” he says．“It put us in a special place with customers in that they could come to the site and get honest and comprehensive--and overtime, very substantial--firsthand knowledge from other customers.” Berman says the company has some reviewers who take online shopping to heart．“There are some customers who are extraordinarily proud of being one of our top reviewers--they take their job really seriously．’’Some of Amazon’s customers are greedy readers who consider it their duty to review one or two books every single week．While the company may have come a long way from its roots，the company’s original specialty has not been forgotten．
In the early time of online shopping，the goods that you didn’t have to touch，feel or smell in order to buy sold best．

2、听录音,回答题

A．It is lined with tall trees．
B．It was widened recently．
C．It used to be dirty and disorderly．
D．It has high buildings on both sides．


3、Questions  are based on the following passage．
A new study shows a large gender gap on economic policy among the nation's professional economists,
a divide similar to the gender divide found in the general public．
"As a group, we are pro-market,,' says Ann Mari May, co-author of the study and a University of Nebraskaeconomist．"But women are more likely to accept government regflation and involvement in economicactivity than our male colleagues．"
"It's very puzzling," says free-market economist Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center at GeorgeMason University． "Not a day goes by that I don't ask myself why there are so few women economistson the free market side．"
A native of France, de Rugy supported government intervention (干预) early in her life but changedher mind after studying economics． "We want many of the same things as liberals--less poverty, morehealth care--but have radically different ideas on how to achieve it．"
Liberal economist Dean Baker, co-founder of the Center for Economic Policy and Research, saysmale economists have been on the inside of the profession, confirming each other's anti-regulation views．Women, as outsiders, "are more likely to think independently or at least see people outside of theeconomics profession as forming their peer group," he says．
The gender balance in economics is changing． One-third of economics doctorates (博士学位)now goto women． "More diversity is needed at the table when public policy is discussed," May says．Economists do agree on some things． Female economists agree with men that Europe has too muchregulation and that Wal-mart is good for society． Male economists agree with their female colleagues thatmilitary spending is too high．The genders are most divorced from each other on the question of equality for women． Maleeconomists overwhelmingly think the wage gap between men and women is largely the result ofindividuals' sldlls, experience and voluntary choices． Female economists overwhelmingly disagree by amargin of 4-to-1．
The biggest disagreement: 76% of women say faculty opportunities in economies favor men Maleeconomists point the opposite way: 80% say women are favored or the process is neutral．
 What is the finding of the new study?．
A．The gender divide is a big concern of the general public．
B． Men and women understand economics quite differently．
C． The gap between male and female economists needs to be closed．
D． Male and female economists disagree widely on economic policy．


4、Questionsare based on the following passage,
Just when you had figured out how．to manage fat in your diet, researchers are now warning against  another common mealtime pitfall (陷阱)-salt.
A study by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Stanford University andColumbia University shows that even a   36   decrease in daily salt intake (摄入) can lead to dramatichealth benefits．The authors   37   an annual drop of as many as 120,000 cases of heart disease,66,000  38   of stroke and 99,000 heart attacks   39   by high blood pressure after a 3-g-per-dayreduction in salt.
The advantages, not surprisingly, were greater for African Americans, who are more likely to  40  highblood pressure than other ethnic groups, and for the elderly, since blood vessels stiffen with age, whichcan lead to higher blood pressure.
"Everyone in the U.S．is consuming salt far in   41   of what is good for them," says lead authorDr．Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of UCSF．"What we are suggesting is that a population-wide effort to reducesalt intake, even   42, will have health benefits."
The team conducted a computer-based analysis to determine the   43   of a 3-g-per-day reduction insalt intake on rates of heart disease and death．They also calculated the cost savings emerging from theamount of disease that wonid be   44   because of lower blood pressure．The conclusion: by cutting saltintake nationwide, the U.S．could save $10 billion to $24 billion   45   in health care costs.
A．accidents
B．annually
C．avoided
D．caused
E．considerable
F．develop
G．documented
H．dramatically
I．excess
J．impact
K．instances
L．modest
M．revised
N．slightly
O．Undertake
第(36)题应填__________


5、听句子，回答问题。
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have jnst heard.

A．To give background information about Santa Catalina Island.
B．To tell the audience about new books on Santa Catalina.
C．To introduce a training film on baseball.
D．To tell people about the music from the 1930s and 1940s.


简答题
6、大熊猫(giant pandA．是一种温顺的动物，长着独特的黑白皮毛。因其数量极少，大熊猫已被列为濒危物种。大熊猫对于世界自然基金会(WWF)有着特殊意义。自1961年该基金会成立以来，大熊猫就一直是它的徽标。大熊猫是熊科中稀有的成员，主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。目前。世界上大约有1000只大熊猫。这些以竹为食的动物正面临许多威胁。因此，确保大熊猫的生存比以往更重要。


7、听录音,回答题

"Don't take many English courses; they won't help you get a decent job." "Sign up for management
classes, so you'll be ready to join the family business when you graduate."
Sound (26)__________? Many of us have heard suggestions like these(27) __________by parents or others close to us. Such comments often seem quite reasonable.
Why, then, should suggestions like these be taken with (28) __________? The reason isthey relate to decisions you should make. You are the one who must (29)__________their consequences.
One of the worst reasons to follow a particular path in life is that other people want you to.
Decisions that affect your life should be your decisions--decisions you make after you've considered various (30)__________ and chosen the path that suits you best.
Making your own decisions does not mean that you should (31) __________ the suggestions of others. For instance, your parents do have their own unique experiences that may make their advice helpful, and having (32)__________in a great deal of your personal history, they may have a clear view of your strengths and weaknesses. Still, their views are not necessarily accurate.
They may still see you as a child, (33) __________care and protection. Or they may see only your strengths. Or, in some unfortunate cases, they may (34)__________ your flaws and shortcomings.
People will always be giving you advice.Ultimately, though, you have to make your own(35)__________
第(26)题__________


8、听录音，回答题
Some years ago, an American policeman found a woman lying near a lonely road. She did not appear to have had an (26) __  But she was (27) __ and clearly in a state of shock. So he (28) __ her to the nearest hospital. She began to tell the doctor on duty the story which was astonishing and (29) __ She had been driving along a country road when she had been stopped by a flying saucer landing in front of her. She had been forced to leave the car and enter the flying saucer by (30) __ which looked like human beings and which could easily make themselves understood although they could not speak. It was as though they could read her thoughts and she could read theirs. They (31) __ her politely and allowed her to leave after carrying out a number of tests on her. As she otherwise seems to be (32) __, the doctor decided that she was probably(33) __ from the side effects of some drug. The woman insisted on being allowed to go home. But when she gave her address, it was in a town over (34) __ from the hospital.
The police ' then started to make inquiries and soon discovered that there was already a search going on for the woman, whose husband had reported that she had disappeared. Her car had been found with the driver's door open and the engine running. In front of the car, the surface of the road had been completely destroyed--not by an explosion or anything of that kind, but (35) __ a large, circular, white, hot object had burned through it.
第(26)题__________


9、 Directions.. For this part, you are alltnced 30 minutes to zerrite a short essayon the topic of how to relieve stress. You should start your essay vith a briefaccount of the problem of facing stress and then explain how to deal with it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.


10、中国书法(calligraphy)历史悠久，它不仅是汉字的传统书写形式，也是体现自我修养和自我表达的艺术。作者的内心世界通过美妙的字体得以体现。书法在中国艺术中拥有举足轻重的地位，因为它影响到了其他的中国艺术形式。今天，尽管出现了各种各样的现代书写方式，但人们仍然将书法作为一种业余爱好进行练习。作为传统的艺术瑰宝，中国书法在西方也越来越受欢迎。