单项选择题
1、Questionsare based on the following passage．
Rising college selectivity doesn’t mean that students are smarter and more serious than in the past．It’s a function of excess demand for higher education，occurring at a time of increased financial privatization of the industry．
The recession has only increased demand．The vast majority of students aren't going to college because of a thirst for knowledge．They’re there because they need a job，and they need to get the credentials（证书）-and，one hopes，the knowledge and skills behind the credentials--that will get them into the labor market．
As higher education has become a seller’s market，the institutions in a position to do so are doing what comes naturally：raising their tuitions，and their admissions requirements，but at the expense of contributing to the national goal to increase college attainment．The result is that the United States is losing ground in the international race for educational talent．
The increasing stratification（阶层化）of higher education is happening on the spending side，as well．As the selective institutions have become more expensive and less attainable，the rest have had to struggle with the responsibility to enroll more students without being paid to do s0．Gaps between rich and poor have grown even more dramatically than gaps in entering test scores．While spending is a poor measure of educational quality，we can’t seriously expect to increase educational attainment if we're not prepared to do something to address these growing inequities in funding．
That said，the educational policy problem in our country is not that the elite institutions are becoming more selective．The problem is on the public pokey side．The president and many governors have set a goal to return America to a position of international leadership in educational attainment．
It’s the right goal，we just need a financing strategy to get there．That doesn’t mean just more money，although some more money will be needed．It also means better attention to effectiveness and to efficiency，and to making sure that spending goes to the places that will make a difference in educational attainment．We know how to do it，if we want to．·
The demand for higher education has increased because __________．
A．the number of students keeps growing
B．there is a boost in the labor market
C．of the rising college selectivity
D．of the economic depression


2、Questions are based on the following passage．
You might think a little global warming is good for farming．Longer，warmner growing seasons and more carbon dioxide（CO2）--what plant wouldn’t love that? The agricultural industry basically agrees on that．But global warming’s effects on agriculture would actually be quite complicated--and mostly not for the better．
It’s true that some crops will prosper on a warmer planet，but the key word there is “some．”According to a government report，higher CO2 levels and longer growing seasons will increase yields for fruit growers in the Great Lakes region．But many major American crops already use CO2 so efficiently that more of it probably won’t make much difference to them．
What will make a difference are all the other things we’ll have more of as temperatures rise—namely droughts（干旱），bugs and big storms．More droughts mean lower crop yields．Melting snow in the Western U．S．will increase water availability in spring but decrease it in summer, forcing farmers to change cropping practices．As insects that eat crops adapt their migration patterns to our warmer climate，farmers will have to either use more insecticide or plant hardier crops．
Farmers on both coasts are already starting to reap some of what the nation’s fossil-fuel addiction has sown．Crops in those regions require a certain number of colder days，or ‘‘winter chill’’ before they break dormancy（冬眠）and begin flowering．Too few cold days breaks the plants’ flowering schedule which in turn affects pollination（授粉）and hurts yield．
So, given how much is at stake for them，how are farm states working to shape climate legislation? In response to agricultural demands，the Waxman-Markey bill frees the agricultural industry from CO2 emission limits and gives up control over what activities guarantee carbon offset credit to the Agricultural Department．
Some farmers--and some farm state congressional leaders--have argued that because plants convertC02 into oxygen，agricultural lands store more CO2 than they emit．This is only theoretically true．What we can say with certainty is that，like most big industries，farming is fossil-fuel intensive--large quantities of CO2 are emitted from farm equipment such as irrigation pumps and tractors．
Under the influence of global warming, the yields of American crops will __________．
A．be greatly enhanced
B．be certainly reduced
C．still remain stable
D．be hard to predict


3、
Grow up Colored
[A] You wouldn't know Piedmont anymore―my Piedmont, I mean—the town in West Virginia where I learned to be a colored boy．
[B] The 1950s in Piedmont was a time to remember, or at least to me．People were always proud to be from Piedmont—lying at the foot of a mountain, on the banks of the mighty Potomac．We knew God gave America no more beautiful location．I never knew colored people anywhere who were crazier about mountains and water, flowers and trees, fishing and hunting．For as long as anyone could remember, we could outhunt, outshoot, and outswim the white boys in the valley．
[C] The social structure of Piedmont was something we knew like the back of our hands．It was animmigrant town; white Piedmont was Italian and Irish, with a handful of wealthy WASPs (盎格鲁撒克逊裔的白人新教徒．on East Hampshire Street, and  "ethnic" neighborhoods of working-class peopleeverywhere else, colored and white．
[D] For as long as anyone can remember, Piedmont's character has been completely bound up with the Westvaco paper mill: its prosperous past and doubtful future．At first glance, the town is a typical dying mill center．Many once beautiful buildings stand empty, evidencing a bygone time of spirit and pride．The big houses on East Hampshire Street are no longer proud, as they were when I was a kid．
[E] Like the Italians and the Irish, most of the colored people migrated to Piedmont at the turn of the 20th century to work at the paper mill, which opened in 1888．All the colored men at the paper mill worked on "the platform"—loading paper into trucks until the craft unions were finally integrated in 1968．Loading is what Daddy did every working day of his life．That's what almost every colored grown-up I knew did．
[F] Colored people lived in three neighborhoods that were clearly separated．Welcome to the ColoredZone, a large stretched banner could have said．And it felt good in there, like walking around your house in bare feet and underwear, or snoring (打鼾．right out loud on the couch in front of the TV—enveloped by the comforts of home, the warmth of those you love．
[G] Of course, the colored world was not so much a neighborhood as a condition of existence．And though our own world was seemingly self-contained, it impacted on the white world of Piedmont in almost every direction．Certainly, the borders of our world seemed to be impacted on when some white man or woman showed up where he or she did not belong, such as at the black Legion Hail．Our space was violated when one of them showed up at a dance or a party．The rhythms would be off．The music would sound not quite right．Everybody would leave early．
[HI Before 1955, most white people were just shadowy presences in our world, vague figures of power like remote bosses at the mill or clerks at the bank．There were exceptions, of course, the white people who would come into our world in routine, everyday ways we all understood．Mr．Mail Man, Mr．Insurance Man, Mr．White-and-Chocolate Milk Man, Mr．Landlord Man, Mr．Police Man: we called white people by their trade, like characters in a mystery play．Mr．Insurance Man would come by every other week to collect payments on college or death policies, sometimes 50 cents or less．
[I]  "It's no disgrace to be colored," the black entertainer Bert Williams famously observed early in the century, "but it is awfully inconvenient．" For most of my childhood, we couldn't eat in restaurants or sleep in hotels, we couldn't use certain bathrooms or try on clothes in stores．Mama insisted that we dress up when we went to shop．She was carefully dressed when she went to clothing stores, and wore white pads called shields under her arms so her dress or blouse would show no sweat．"We'd like to try this on," she'd say carefully, uttering her words precisely and properly． "We don't buy clothes we can't try on," she'd say when they declined, and we'd walk out in Mama's dignified  (有尊严的) manner．She preferred to shop where we had an account and where everyone knew who she was．
[J] At the Cut-Rate Drug Store, no one colored was allowed to sit down at the counter or tables, with one exception: my father．I don't know for certain why Carl Dadisman, the owner, wouldn't stop Daddy from sitting down．But I believe it was in part because Daddy was so light-colored, and in part because, during his shift at the phone company, he picked up orders for food and coffee for the operators．Colored people were supposed to stand at the counter, get their food to go, and leave．Even when Young Doc Bess would set up the basketball team with free Cokes after one of many victories, the colored players had to stand around and drink out of paper cups while the white players and cheerleaders sat down in comfortable chairs and drank out of glasses．
[K] I couldn't have been much older than five or six as I sat with my father at the Cut-Rate one afternoon, enjoying ice cream．Mr．Wilson, a stony-faced Irishman, walked by． "Hello, Mr．Wilson," my father said．
"Hello, George．"
[L] I was genuinely puzzled．Mr．Wilson must have confused my father with somebody else, but who? There weren't any Georges among the colored people in Piedmont． "Why don't you tell him your name, Daddy?" I asked loudly．"Your name isn't George．"
"He knows my name, boy," my father said after a long pause．"He calls all colored people George．"
[M] I knew we wouldn't talk about it again; even at that age, I was given to understand that there were some subjects it didn't do to worry to death about．Now that I have children, I realize that what distressed my father wasn't so much the Mr．Wilsons of the world as the painful obligation to explain the racial facts of life to someone who hadn't quite learned them yet．Maybe Mr．Wilson couldn't hurt my father by calling him George; but I hurt him by asking to know why．
The author felt as a boy that his life in a separated neighborhood was casual and cozy．


4、根据材料，回答问题。
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.
You may choose a para'graph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Green Growth
A． The enrichment of previously poor countries is the most inspiring development of our time. It is also worrying. The environment is already under strain. What willhappen when the global population rises from 7 billion today to 9.3 billion in 2050, as demographers(人口统计学家) expect, and a growing proportion of these people can'afford goods that were once reserved for the elite? Can the planet support so much economic activity?
B .Many policymakers adopt a top-down and Western-centfic approach to such planetary problems. They discuss ambitious regulations in global forums, or look to giant multinationals and well-heeled (富有的) NGOs to set an example. But since most people live in the emerging world, it makes sense to look at what successful companies there are doing to make growth more sustainable.
C． A new study by the World Economic Forum (WEF) and the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) identifies 16 emerging-market firms that they say are turning eco-consciousness into a source of competitive advantage. These highly profitable companies (which the study calls "the new sustainability champions") are using greenery to reduce costs, motivate workers and forge relationships. Their home-grown ideas will probably be easier for their peers to copy than anything cooked up in the West.
D． The most outstanding quality of these companies is that they turn limitationsof resources, labor and infrastructure) into opportunities. Thus, India's Shree Cement, which has tong suffered from water shortages, developed the world's most water-efficient method for making cement, in part by using air-cooling rather than water-cooling. Manila Water, a utility in the Philippines, reduced the amount of water it was losing, through wastage and illegal tapping, from 63% in 1997 to 12% in 2010 by making water affordable for the poor.
Broad Group, a Chinese maker of air conditioners, taps the waste heat from buildings to power its machines. Zhangzidao Fishery Group, a Chinese aquaculture (水产养殖) company, recycles uneaten fish feed to fertilize crops.
E.Setting green goals is a common practice. Sekem, an Egyptian food producer, set itself the task of reclaiming ( 开垦) desert land through organic farming. Florida Ice & Farm, a Costa Rican food and drink company, has adopted strict standards for the amount of water it can consume in producing drinks.
F.These firms measure themselves by their greenery, too. Florida Ice & Farm, for example, links 60% of its boss's pay to the triple bottom line of "people, planet and profit". The sustainability champions also encourage their workers to come up with green ideas. Natura, a Brazilian cosmetics company, gives bonuses to staff who find ways to reduce the firm's impact on the environment. Masisa, a Chilean forestry company, invites employees to "imagine unimaginable businesses" aimed at poorer consumers. Woolworths, a South African retailer, claims that many of its best green ideas have come from staff, not bosses.
G.In emerging markets it is hard for companies to stick to one specialism, because they have to worry about so many wider problems, from humble infrastructure to unreliable supply chains. So the sustainability champions seek to shape the business environment in which they operate. They lobby (游说) regulators: Grupo Balbo, a Brazilian organic-sugar producer, is working with the Brazilian government to establish a certification system for organic products. They form partnerships with governments and NGOs. Kenya's Equity Bank has formed an alliance with groups such as The International Fund for Agricultural Development to reduce its risks when lending to smallholders. Natura has worked with its suppliers to produce sustainable packaging, including a new "green" plastic derived from sugar cane.
H. The firms also work hard to reach and educate poor consumers, often sacrificing short-term profits to create future markets. Masisa organizes local carpenters into networks and connects them to low-income furniture buyers. Broad Group has developed a miniature device for measuring air pollution that can fit into mobile phones. Jain Irrigation, an Indian maker of irrigation systems, uses dance and song to explain the benefits of drip irrigation to farmers who can't read. Suntech, a Chinese solar-power company, has established a low- carbon museum to celebrate ways of reducing carbon-dioxide emissions.
Rich became green, or green became rich?
I.One could quibble (争辩)with BCG's analysis. Phil Rosenzweig of Switzerland's IMD business school has argued that management writers are prone to "the halo effect": they treat the temporary success of a company as proof that it has discovered some eternal principle of good management. The fact that some successful companies have embraced greenery does not prove that greenery makes a firm successful. Some firms, having prospered, find they can afford to splurge ( 挥霍) on greenery. Some successful firrns pursue greenery for public-relations purposes. And for every sustainable emerging champion, there are surely 100 firms that have prospered by belching ( 喷出 ) fumes into the air or pumping toxins into rivers.
J.Nonetheless, the central message of the WEF-BCG study--that some of the best emerging-world companies are combining profits with greenery--is thought-provoking. Many critics of environmentalism argue that it is a rich-world luxury: that the poor need adequate food before they need super-clean air. Some even see greenery as a rich-world conspiracy ( 阴谋): the West grew rich by industrializing (and polluting ), but now wants to stop the rest of the world from following suit. The WEF-BCG report demonstrates that such fears are overblown. Emerging-world companies can be just as green as their Western rivals. Many have found that, when natural resources are scarce and consumers are cash-strapped ( 资金短缺的 ), greenery can be a lucrative(利润丰厚的) business strategy.
An air-conditioner manufacturer uses the waste heat from buildings to supply its machines with power.


5、Questions are based on thefollowingpassage．
You had me at“Hello”!It turns out our opening words make people take less than a second to form an impression of someone’s personality based on their voice alone．
We know that our voices Call transmit subtle signals about our gender，age，even body strength and certain personality traits，but Phil Mcaleer at the University of Glasgow and his colleagues wondered whether we make an instant impression．To find out，mey recorded 64 people as they read a passage．They then extracted the word“hello”and asked 320 people to rate the voices on a scale of 1 to 9 for one of 10 perceived personality traits—including trustworthiness，dominance and attractiveness．
Although it’s not clear how accurate such snap judgments are，what is apparent is that we all make them，and very quickly．“We were surprised by just how similar people’s ratings were．”says Mcaleer．Using a scale in which orepresents no agreement on a perceived trait and l reflects complete agreement，all10 traits scored on average 0．92—meaning most people agreed very closely to what extent each voice represented each trait．
It makes sense that decisions about personality should happen really fast，says Mcaleer．“There’s this evolutionary‘approach／avoidance’idea—vou want to quickly know if you call trust a person so you can approach them or run away and that would be redundant if it took too long to figure it out．”
The impression that our voices convey—even from an audio clip lasting just 390 milliseconds—appears to be down to several factors，for example，the pitch of a person’s voice influenced how trustworthy they seemed．“A guy who raises his pitch becomes more trustworthy,”says Mcaleer．“While girls are on the opposite．”
The methods used in this paper are familiar,but the conclusions are novel and interesting．The way the study links personality to attractiveness and reproductive fitness makes sense biologically．The team hope that their work can be used to help create artificial voices for people who have lost their own due to a medical condition and create likable and engaging voices for satnavs，and other robotics．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
What’s the meaning of“You had me at‘Hello”’?
A．When I say“hello”，you will get my greeting．
B．When I say“hello”,you will give me a response．
C．When I say“hello”,you will form an impression of my voice．
D．When I say“hello”，you will reA．ize my personA．ity in a second．


填空题
6、 __________


简答题
7、听录音，回答题
For Americans, time is money．They say, "You only get so much time in this life; you'd better use it wisely." The future will not be better than the past or present, as Americans are (26) __________to  see  things,  unless  people  use  their  time  for  constructive  activities． Thus,  Americans(27) __________a  "well-organized" person, one who has a written list of things to do and a(28) __________for doing them．The ideal person is punctual and (29) __________other peo-ple's time． They  do  not waste  people's time  with  conversation  or  other activity that has no(30) __________, beneficial outcome.
The American attitude toward time is not (31) _________ shared by others, especially non-Eu-ropeans．They are more likely to (32) __________ something that is simply there around them, notsomething they can use．One of the more difficult things many students must adjust to in the States isthe (33) __________ that time must be saved whenever possible and used wisely every day.
In this context the fast food industry can (34) __________ a clear example of an American cul-tural product．McDonald's, KFC, and other fast food establishments are successful in a country wheremany people want to spend the least amount of time preparing and eating meals．As McDonald's restau-rants spread around the world, they have been viewed as (35) __________of American society andculture, bringing not just hamburgers but an emphasis on speed, efficiency, and shiny cleanliness.
第(26)题__________


8、环顾我们周围的一切东西：教室里的椅子、桌子、柜子、纸张和钢笔，大街上的汽车、自行车和公共汽车，农村里的树木、植物和动物，天空中的飞鸟、飞机和云彩，海洋中的鱼类、海藻和珊瑚(corals)，外层空间的星星、月亮和太阳，这些和所有其他东西，包括人体在内，都是物质(matter)的实例。凡是占有空间和具有重量的东西都是物质。


9、北京市交通发达。交通工具多样化。公交车是普通老百姓出门的主要交通工具。每辆大型公共汽车的前、后门各有一位售票员招呼乘客，票价一律1元起价。空调公共汽车的票价为2元至11元。学生票可以打四折(60％d i scount)。北京的出租车也很发达，出租车随处可见，非常方便。在机场、火车站和旅游地，都有出租车昼夜服务。北京地铁是新中国条地铁，三十多年来，累计运送乘客近60亿人次。


10、You should start with a briefdescription ofthe picture,and then express your views on whether we should help those in need． 

写作导航 
1．简要描述图片：人们对跌倒的老人袖手旁观，并指出这是一种不良的社会现象； 
2．从原因出发阐述了自己的观点； 
3．提出建议和号召：我们在提高自身安全意识的同时，还是要坚持和发扬乐于助人这一传统美德。