2015年英语四级考试每日一练(9月11日)
导读:
在线测试本批《每日一练》试题，可查看答案及解析，并保留做题记录 >> 在线做题
单项选择题
1、阅读下文，回答题
Young Workers Push Employers for Wider Web Access
A）Ryan Tracy thought he’d entered the Dark Ages when he graduated college and arrived in the working world. His employer blocked access to Face book，Gmail and other popular Internet sites. He had no wireless access for his laptop and often ran to a nearby cafe on work time so he could use its Wi-Fi connection to send large files. Sure，the barriers did what his employer intended：They stopped him and his colleagues from using work time to mess about online. But Tracy says the rules also got in the way of reasonable work he needed to do as a scientific analyst for a health care services company.
B）“It was a constant battle between the people that saw technology as an advantage，and those that saw it as a hindrance，”says the 27-year-old Chicagoan，who now works for a different company. He was sure there had to be a better way. It’s a common complaint from young people who join the workforce with the expectation that their bosses will embrace technology as much as they do. Then some discover that sites they’re supposed to be researching for work are blocked. Or they can’t take a little down time to read a news story online or check their personal e-mail or social networking accounts. In some cases，they end up using their own Internet-enabled smart phones to get to blocked sites，either for work or fun.
C）So some are wondering：Could companies take a different approach，without compromising security or workplace efficiency，that allows at least some of the online access that younger employees particularly long for“ It’s no different than spending too much time around the water cooler or making too many personal phone calls. Do you take those away?No，”says Gary Rudman，president of GTR Consulting，a market research firm that tracks the habits of young people.“These two worlds will continue to conflict until there’s a mutual understanding that performance，not Internet usage，is what really matters.”
D）This is，after all，a generation of young people known for what University of Toronto sociologist Barry Wellman calls “media multiplexity（多重性）.” College students he has studied tell him how they sleep with their smart phones and，in some cases，consider their electronic tools to be like a part of their bodies. They’re also less likely to fit the traditional 9-to-5 work mode and are willing to put in time after hours in exchange for flexibility，including online time.S0，Wellman and others argue，why not embrace that working style when possible，rather than fight it?
E）There is，of course，another side of the story--from employers who worry about everything from wasted time on the Internet to giving away secret information and liability for what their employees do online. Such concerns have to be taken especially seriously in such highly regulated fields as finance and health care，says Nancy Flynn，a corporate consultant who heads the Ohio-based e Policy Institute. From a survey Flynn did this year with the American Management Association, she believes nearly half of U.S. employers have a policy banning visits to personal social networking or video sharing sites during work hours. Many also ban personal text messaging during working days. Flynn notes that the rising popularity of BlackBerrys，iPhones and other devices with Web access and messaging have made it much more difficult to enforce what’s being done on work time，particularly on an employee’s personal phone. Or often the staff uses unapproved software applications to get around the blocks.
F）As a result，more employers are experimenting with opening access. That’s what Joe Dwyer decided to do when he started Chicago-based Brill Street＆Co.，a jobs site for young professionals. He lets his employees use social networking and has found that，while they might spend time chatting up their friends，sometimes they’re asking those same friends for advice for a work problem or looking for useful contacts. “So what seems unproductive can be very productive，”Dwyer says. Kraft Foods Inc. recently opened access to everything from YouTube to Face book and Hotmail. With the warning that personal use be reasonable and never interfere with job activities.
G）Broadening access does，of course，mean some employees will cross lines they aren’t supposed to Sapphire Technologies LP， an information-technology staffing firm based in Massachusetts， started allowing employees to use most Internet sites two years ago，because recruiters for the company were going on Face book to find talent. Martin Perry，the company’s chief information officer，says managers occasionally have to give employees a “slap on the wrist” for watching sports on streaming video or downloading movies on iTunes. And he says older managers sometimes raise eyebrows at their younger peers’ online judgment. “If you saw some of the pictures that they’ve uploaded，even to our internal directory，you’d question the maturity，”Perry says. It’s the price a company has to Pay，he says，for attracting top young talent that’s willing to work at any hour.“Banning the Internet during work hours would be short-sighted on our part，”Perry says.
H）But that also means many companies are still figuring out their online policies and how to deal with the unclear lines between work and personal time--including social networking, even with the boss.“I think over time，an open embrace of these tools can become like an awkward embrace，”says Mary Madden. a senior research specialist at the Pew Internet＆American Life Project. “It can get very messy.” one option is for companies to allow access to certain sites but limit what employees call do there. For instance，Palo Alto Networks， a computer security company， recently helped a furniture maker open up social networking for some employees，but limited such options as file-sharing，largely so that sensitive information isn’t transferred, even accidentally. “Wide—open Internet access is the risky approach，”says Chris King，Palo Alto Networks’ director of product marketing.However， ‘‘fully closed is increasingly unsustainable for cultural reasons and business reasons.”
I）Flynn, at the ePolicy Institute，says it’s important that employers have a clear online policy and then explain it. She believes not enough employers have conducted formal training on such matters as online liability and confidentiality（保密性）.Meantime，her advice to any employee is this：“Don’t start blogging. Don’t start chatting. Don’t even start e-mailing until you read the company policy.”
Some highly regulated fields，like finance and health care，tend to take serious concern about the problem of secret information exposure.
2、听句子，回答问题。
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
A．She is going to study in another country.
B．She received a letter from a Japanese friend.
C．She got a job at a travel agency,
D．She met a Japanese friend at a travel agency.
3、 回答题
When companies consider their benefits mix．coverage for medical care is often top．of-mind．Yet there may be another,even more powerful concern driving employee coverage preferences：vision care．Roughly 75%of adults in the United States require some type of vision correction．and 84 percent of adults believe that vision benefits are somewhat or very important to them．As a result．vision assistance is moving higher and higher on the list of sought．after employee benefits．
What’s driving the trend?One factor is the increasing power of eye examinations to detect systemic illness．In addition to identifying nearsightedness，farsightedness and astigmatism，routine eye exanls now play a role in diagnosing conditions such as diabetes，brain aneurysms(脑动脉瘤)，liver disease and stroke risk．
Early identification，in turn，translates into markedly lower expenditures for employers．In 2014，eye problems will cost companies an estimated$8 billion in reduced productivity．Making sure employees get the right eye care helps employers reduce these losses．At the same time，it boosts their ability to retain loyal workers．
So what’s the best way to get patients into the exam chair?One way is to provide a vision plan that lowers out-of-pocket(自已付费的)expenses．Indeed，research shows that out-of-pocket expense--not premiums--is the number-one factor employees consider when choosing a-vision plan．“And that’s just smart．”says independent insurance broker Shannon Enders．“Premiums make up only about 30 percent of total out．of-pocket expenses．So it pays to100k beyond the premium and see the real cost of a plan．”
A study conducted by Service Excellence Group Inc．，a leading market research company,shows how the right vision insurance plan can result in across—the-board(全面的)savings for employees．The study compared the prices customers with different insurance plans paid for the same popular pair of eyeglasses at independent doctors and retail chains．It found that customers with insurance plans that were most successful at keeping out-of-pocket expenses low saved hundreds of dollars．
With eyeglasses becoming as much of a fashion accessory(装饰品)as a vision aid，forward-thinking companies are beginning to take note．Enders says more of his clients are saying yes to vision care plans．“Employees care about their eyes，”he says．“And offering benefits packages with the features employees care most about will become an even more important corporate strategy going forward．”
What is the meaning of the last sentence of paragraph one?
A．Vision assistance is listed on the list of popular worker interests．
B．Vision assistance is becoming more and more popular among employees。
C．Vision assistance is considered as one of the employee benefits．
D．Vision assistance is the top concern of the employees．
4、听音频：
根据听到的内容，回答题。
A．It is a place where is full ofpeople．
B．It is the name of the travel agency．
C．It is an interesting place that people cail visit．
D．It is a place where people can discover interesting things．
填空题
5、听音频,回答题
What does it mean to obey the law? That（26）_____ where you are. Different cultures have very different views of obeying the law. In some cultures，law-abiding citizens try to keep the letter of the law. That is，whatever the law says，they do. In other cultures，good citizens live by the（27）_____ of the law. They see the law only as a general（28）_____. Often they obey the law only when someone official is looking. The situation in America fits into the first（29）_____. That doesn’t mean all Americans keep the law. But American culture teaches people to respect the law--even to the smallest detail.
Driving habits（30）_____ American respect for the law. A driver will usually stop for a red light, even when there are no other cars around. People treat the lines marking streets and roads as（31）_____ boundaries，not just decorations. Vehicles yield to those with the right of way--particularly pedestrians. Actually，though，drivers don’t always keep traffic rules. For example，many drivers（32）_____ freeway speed limits. But Americans generally drive with careful attention to the traffic rules.
Of course，not everyone in America abides by the law. Crime is a growing problem. For that reason，law enforcement officials will never（33）_____ a job. Police officers have their hands full trying to arrest lawbreakers. Detective agencies spend countless hours trying to（34）_____ unsolved crimes. Nevertheless, most Americans still like to believe that the law will（35）_____ catch the bad guys.
第(26)题__________
简答题
6、听录音,回答题
More and more of the world's population are living in towns or cities. The speed at which cities are growing in the less developed countries is (26)__________. Between 1920 and 1960 big cities in developed countries increased two and a half times in size, but in other parts of the world the growth was eight times their size.
The (27) __________size of growth is bad enough, but there are now also very disturb-ing signs of trouble in the (28)__________ of percentages of people living in towns and per-centages of people working in industry. During the nineteenth century cities grew(29)__________ the growth of industry. In Europe the proportion of people living in citiesWasalwayssmallerthanthatoftheworkForceworkingin
factories.Now,however,the(30) __________ is almost always tree in the newly industrialised world: the percentage of people living in cities is much higher than the percentage working in industry.
Without a base of people working in industry, these cities cannot(31) __________their growth;thereis not enough money tobuildadequatehousesfor thepeoplethatlivethere,(32)__________ the new arrivals. There has been little opportunity to build water supplies orother (33) __________ So,thefiguresforthegrowthoftownsandcities(34)__________ proportional growth of unemployment and underemployment, a growth in the number of hopeless and (35)__________ parents and starving children.
第(26)题__________
7、听录音，回答题
Coal has not been used very extensively as an energy source recently. However，it(26)_____
will become a very important source of energy in the future because of dwindling(27) _____ of natural gas and oil. Although coal(28)_____ to be black，it actually has black，yellow，orange，and red bands of color when it is examined under a powerful microscope. Coal probably was formed about 300 million years ago by(29) _____ trees and other plant life growing in(30) _____. These trees and plants died and then fell into the water. They contained the elements oxygen，hydrogen, and(31) _____. As the earth changed its(32) _____, the weight of the ground(33) _____ down on the flees and plants. Thus seams of coal were formed.
Coal can be(34) _____underground mines found deep in the earth or from strip mines which are found near the earth’s surface. Strip lIlining is quicker and safer than underground mining，but it can leave the surface of the earth bare and ugly. Although miners still are needed in any coal mining operation, today heavy machinery does much of the hard work. While both underground and strip mines still call be hazardous, there no longer are as many accidents in coal mining as there once were. The coal miners of today(35) _____the union to which they belong the United Mine Workers of America. Many of today’s coal miners are earning good wages in an occupation which is quite sat)and very important.
第(26)题__________
8、 Direction： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the topic of living separately instead of living together withparents. You should state your viewpoint on the topic and write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.
9、 目前，全球变暧是一个热门话题，但是有关全球变暖的各项证据似乎还有些不同的声音。人们已经知道，地球的发展经历了很多．周期，尽管在历史上还未出现过像今天这样的时代，印高度工业化产生如此多的污染。当今世界，人口越来越多，人们污染着自己的居住环境。全球变暖主要是由于二氧化碳气体的增多。
10、
1、阅读下文，回答题
Young Workers Push Employers for Wider Web Access
A）Ryan Tracy thought he’d entered the Dark Ages when he graduated college and arrived in the working world. His employer blocked access to Face book，Gmail and other popular Internet sites. He had no wireless access for his laptop and often ran to a nearby cafe on work time so he could use its Wi-Fi connection to send large files. Sure，the barriers did what his employer intended：They stopped him and his colleagues from using work time to mess about online. But Tracy says the rules also got in the way of reasonable work he needed to do as a scientific analyst for a health care services company.
B）“It was a constant battle between the people that saw technology as an advantage，and those that saw it as a hindrance，”says the 27-year-old Chicagoan，who now works for a different company. He was sure there had to be a better way. It’s a common complaint from young people who join the workforce with the expectation that their bosses will embrace technology as much as they do. Then some discover that sites they’re supposed to be researching for work are blocked. Or they can’t take a little down time to read a news story online or check their personal e-mail or social networking accounts. In some cases，they end up using their own Internet-enabled smart phones to get to blocked sites，either for work or fun.
C）So some are wondering：Could companies take a different approach，without compromising security or workplace efficiency，that allows at least some of the online access that younger employees particularly long for“ It’s no different than spending too much time around the water cooler or making too many personal phone calls. Do you take those away?No，”says Gary Rudman，president of GTR Consulting，a market research firm that tracks the habits of young people.“These two worlds will continue to conflict until there’s a mutual understanding that performance，not Internet usage，is what really matters.”
D）This is，after all，a generation of young people known for what University of Toronto sociologist Barry Wellman calls “media multiplexity（多重性）.” College students he has studied tell him how they sleep with their smart phones and，in some cases，consider their electronic tools to be like a part of their bodies. They’re also less likely to fit the traditional 9-to-5 work mode and are willing to put in time after hours in exchange for flexibility，including online time.S0，Wellman and others argue，why not embrace that working style when possible，rather than fight it?
E）There is，of course，another side of the story--from employers who worry about everything from wasted time on the Internet to giving away secret information and liability for what their employees do online. Such concerns have to be taken especially seriously in such highly regulated fields as finance and health care，says Nancy Flynn，a corporate consultant who heads the Ohio-based e Policy Institute. From a survey Flynn did this year with the American Management Association, she believes nearly half of U.S. employers have a policy banning visits to personal social networking or video sharing sites during work hours. Many also ban personal text messaging during working days. Flynn notes that the rising popularity of BlackBerrys，iPhones and other devices with Web access and messaging have made it much more difficult to enforce what’s being done on work time，particularly on an employee’s personal phone. Or often the staff uses unapproved software applications to get around the blocks.
F）As a result，more employers are experimenting with opening access. That’s what Joe Dwyer decided to do when he started Chicago-based Brill Street＆Co.，a jobs site for young professionals. He lets his employees use social networking and has found that，while they might spend time chatting up their friends，sometimes they’re asking those same friends for advice for a work problem or looking for useful contacts. “So what seems unproductive can be very productive，”Dwyer says. Kraft Foods Inc. recently opened access to everything from YouTube to Face book and Hotmail. With the warning that personal use be reasonable and never interfere with job activities.
G）Broadening access does，of course，mean some employees will cross lines they aren’t supposed to Sapphire Technologies LP， an information-technology staffing firm based in Massachusetts， started allowing employees to use most Internet sites two years ago，because recruiters for the company were going on Face book to find talent. Martin Perry，the company’s chief information officer，says managers occasionally have to give employees a “slap on the wrist” for watching sports on streaming video or downloading movies on iTunes. And he says older managers sometimes raise eyebrows at their younger peers’ online judgment. “If you saw some of the pictures that they’ve uploaded，even to our internal directory，you’d question the maturity，”Perry says. It’s the price a company has to Pay，he says，for attracting top young talent that’s willing to work at any hour.“Banning the Internet during work hours would be short-sighted on our part，”Perry says.
H）But that also means many companies are still figuring out their online policies and how to deal with the unclear lines between work and personal time--including social networking, even with the boss.“I think over time，an open embrace of these tools can become like an awkward embrace，”says Mary Madden. a senior research specialist at the Pew Internet＆American Life Project. “It can get very messy.” one option is for companies to allow access to certain sites but limit what employees call do there. For instance，Palo Alto Networks， a computer security company， recently helped a furniture maker open up social networking for some employees，but limited such options as file-sharing，largely so that sensitive information isn’t transferred, even accidentally. “Wide—open Internet access is the risky approach，”says Chris King，Palo Alto Networks’ director of product marketing.However， ‘‘fully closed is increasingly unsustainable for cultural reasons and business reasons.”
I）Flynn, at the ePolicy Institute，says it’s important that employers have a clear online policy and then explain it. She believes not enough employers have conducted formal training on such matters as online liability and confidentiality（保密性）.Meantime，her advice to any employee is this：“Don’t start blogging. Don’t start chatting. Don’t even start e-mailing until you read the company policy.”
Some highly regulated fields，like finance and health care，tend to take serious concern about the problem of secret information exposure.
2、听句子，回答问题。
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
A．She is going to study in another country.
B．She received a letter from a Japanese friend.
C．She got a job at a travel agency,
D．She met a Japanese friend at a travel agency.
3、 回答题
When companies consider their benefits mix．coverage for medical care is often top．of-mind．Yet there may be another,even more powerful concern driving employee coverage preferences：vision care．Roughly 75%of adults in the United States require some type of vision correction．and 84 percent of adults believe that vision benefits are somewhat or very important to them．As a result．vision assistance is moving higher and higher on the list of sought．after employee benefits．
What’s driving the trend?One factor is the increasing power of eye examinations to detect systemic illness．In addition to identifying nearsightedness，farsightedness and astigmatism，routine eye exanls now play a role in diagnosing conditions such as diabetes，brain aneurysms(脑动脉瘤)，liver disease and stroke risk．
Early identification，in turn，translates into markedly lower expenditures for employers．In 2014，eye problems will cost companies an estimated$8 billion in reduced productivity．Making sure employees get the right eye care helps employers reduce these losses．At the same time，it boosts their ability to retain loyal workers．
So what’s the best way to get patients into the exam chair?One way is to provide a vision plan that lowers out-of-pocket(自已付费的)expenses．Indeed，research shows that out-of-pocket expense--not premiums--is the number-one factor employees consider when choosing a-vision plan．“And that’s just smart．”says independent insurance broker Shannon Enders．“Premiums make up only about 30 percent of total out．of-pocket expenses．So it pays to100k beyond the premium and see the real cost of a plan．”
A study conducted by Service Excellence Group Inc．，a leading market research company,shows how the right vision insurance plan can result in across—the-board(全面的)savings for employees．The study compared the prices customers with different insurance plans paid for the same popular pair of eyeglasses at independent doctors and retail chains．It found that customers with insurance plans that were most successful at keeping out-of-pocket expenses low saved hundreds of dollars．
With eyeglasses becoming as much of a fashion accessory(装饰品)as a vision aid，forward-thinking companies are beginning to take note．Enders says more of his clients are saying yes to vision care plans．“Employees care about their eyes，”he says．“And offering benefits packages with the features employees care most about will become an even more important corporate strategy going forward．”
What is the meaning of the last sentence of paragraph one?
A．Vision assistance is listed on the list of popular worker interests．
B．Vision assistance is becoming more and more popular among employees。
C．Vision assistance is considered as one of the employee benefits．
D．Vision assistance is the top concern of the employees．
4、听音频：
点击播放
根据听到的内容，回答题。
A．It is a place where is full ofpeople．
B．It is the name of the travel agency．
C．It is an interesting place that people cail visit．
D．It is a place where people can discover interesting things．
填空题
5、听音频,回答题
What does it mean to obey the law? That（26）_____ where you are. Different cultures have very different views of obeying the law. In some cultures，law-abiding citizens try to keep the letter of the law. That is，whatever the law says，they do. In other cultures，good citizens live by the（27）_____ of the law. They see the law only as a general（28）_____. Often they obey the law only when someone official is looking. The situation in America fits into the first（29）_____. That doesn’t mean all Americans keep the law. But American culture teaches people to respect the law--even to the smallest detail.
Driving habits（30）_____ American respect for the law. A driver will usually stop for a red light, even when there are no other cars around. People treat the lines marking streets and roads as（31）_____ boundaries，not just decorations. Vehicles yield to those with the right of way--particularly pedestrians. Actually，though，drivers don’t always keep traffic rules. For example，many drivers（32）_____ freeway speed limits. But Americans generally drive with careful attention to the traffic rules.
Of course，not everyone in America abides by the law. Crime is a growing problem. For that reason，law enforcement officials will never（33）_____ a job. Police officers have their hands full trying to arrest lawbreakers. Detective agencies spend countless hours trying to（34）_____ unsolved crimes. Nevertheless, most Americans still like to believe that the law will（35）_____ catch the bad guys.
第(26)题__________
简答题
6、听录音,回答题
More and more of the world's population are living in towns or cities. The speed at which cities are growing in the less developed countries is (26)__________. Between 1920 and 1960 big cities in developed countries increased two and a half times in size, but in other parts of the world the growth was eight times their size.
The (27) __________size of growth is bad enough, but there are now also very disturb-ing signs of trouble in the (28)__________ of percentages of people living in towns and per-centages of people working in industry. During the nineteenth century cities grew(29)__________ the growth of industry. In Europe the proportion of people living in citiesWasalwayssmallerthanthatoftheworkForceworkingin
factories.Now,however,the(30) __________ is almost always tree in the newly industrialised world: the percentage of people living in cities is much higher than the percentage working in industry.
Without a base of people working in industry, these cities cannot(31) __________their growth;thereis not enough money tobuildadequatehousesfor thepeoplethatlivethere,(32)__________ the new arrivals. There has been little opportunity to build water supplies orother (33) __________ So,thefiguresforthegrowthoftownsandcities(34)__________ proportional growth of unemployment and underemployment, a growth in the number of hopeless and (35)__________ parents and starving children.
第(26)题__________
7、听录音，回答题
Coal has not been used very extensively as an energy source recently. However，it(26)_____
will become a very important source of energy in the future because of dwindling(27) _____ of natural gas and oil. Although coal(28)_____ to be black，it actually has black，yellow，orange，and red bands of color when it is examined under a powerful microscope. Coal probably was formed about 300 million years ago by(29) _____ trees and other plant life growing in(30) _____. These trees and plants died and then fell into the water. They contained the elements oxygen，hydrogen, and(31) _____. As the earth changed its(32) _____, the weight of the ground(33) _____ down on the flees and plants. Thus seams of coal were formed.
Coal can be(34) _____underground mines found deep in the earth or from strip mines which are found near the earth’s surface. Strip lIlining is quicker and safer than underground mining，but it can leave the surface of the earth bare and ugly. Although miners still are needed in any coal mining operation, today heavy machinery does much of the hard work. While both underground and strip mines still call be hazardous, there no longer are as many accidents in coal mining as there once were. The coal miners of today(35) _____the union to which they belong the United Mine Workers of America. Many of today’s coal miners are earning good wages in an occupation which is quite sat)and very important.
第(26)题__________
8、 Direction： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the topic of living separately instead of living together withparents. You should state your viewpoint on the topic and write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.
9、 目前，全球变暧是一个热门话题，但是有关全球变暖的各项证据似乎还有些不同的声音。人们已经知道，地球的发展经历了很多．周期，尽管在历史上还未出现过像今天这样的时代，印高度工业化产生如此多的污染。当今世界，人口越来越多，人们污染着自己的居住环境。全球变暖主要是由于二氧化碳气体的增多。
10、
相关推荐
