单项选择题
1、阅读下文，回答题
Master’s of Your Own Field.
A）In the face of a fearsome job market and high graduate unemployment levels，postgraduate education is booming. More than 270，000 students returned to university to add a dash of postgraduate flash to their CVs in the previous year：demand for master’s degrees surged 27％.while the number of PhD candidates rose 9％.And the latest research suggests that those currently sweating over postgraduate thesis proposals can sit back and look content. Postgraduate Education in the United Kingdom, A paper published by the British Library and the Higher Education Pokey Institute（Hepi），found that，three and a half years after graduation，94％of postgraduates found work in the professions，compared to78％of undergraduates.
B）There were more reasons to smile from the Higher Education Careers Services Unit，whose research into graduate market trends confirmed that master's graduates experienced lower rates of unemployment during the recession than their first-degree peers. But that extra employability comes at a cost. The average price tag attached to a one-year master’s course for a domestic student has risen to$4，000. The average cost of an MBA, meanwhile，has hit $12，000.Add that expense to the growing concern that universities’ ability to provide advanced learning could be hit by staffing cuts and funding squeezes，and the outlook for postgraduate education looks less rosy.
C）Those worries come out in the Hepi report，which also shows that the pay premium（奖金）for postgraduates is decreasing．ne report’s authors admit that postgraduate study may “no longer carry the weight it used to，as increasing numbers of postgraduate qualifiers compete for jobs in UK workplaces”．They also admit that as the financial returns from higher study decrease while fees rise，“it may become increasingly difficult for those from less economically secure backgrounds to consider this course”．That’s one of the issues being tackled in an official review of postgraduate education currently being undertaken by the Department for Business，Innovation and Skills．
D）For now，however，rising fees and lower salary premiums mean wannabe-postgraduates need to be discerning（有辨别力的）when choosing a course．One crucial thing to look at，according to Carl Gilleard，chief executive of the Association of Graduate Recruiters，is how the course will help you meet your future employment aims．“If postgraduate qualifications are undertaken for the right reason, and the graduate is able to explain their value to prospective employers，they can certainly be very worthwhile additions to CVs．”he says “7Ihe desirability of a postgraduate degree varies between sectors--in science and engineering a postgraduate qualification is often a requirement．and in investment banking an MBA is seen by many as invaluable when supported by Structured work experience．But if the real reason is to delay the job search or as a last resort after failing to secure a job，then it is not going to be a worthwhile exercise．”
E）Gilleard also advises postgraduate students to carry out work experience while studying．“It’s important to find ways to build on employability skills--the majority of recruiters think that the ability to demonstrate the competencies required for a role is just as important as having an additional academic qualification．”
F）That was an important consideration for Jamie Esterkin，23，from Manchester, who graduated with a law degree from Nottingham University in 2008．He knew that one day he wanted to work as a lawyer．but decided to do a master's in another subject to broaden his knowledge first．“l was interested in property and business，and wanted to sample life in London，so I chose to do a master’s in real estate development at the University of Westminster．”Esterkin explains．“I thought it would be especially useful if I choose to specialise in real estate law one day．”
G）He began searching websites and university introductions，looking for a course that covered a range of property topics．had a strong reputation and offered good value for money．“I found that business and property postgraduate courses at many London universities cost upwards of￡20，000 for a single year，but they mainly covered similar areas．”The price tag was one of the things that drew Esterkin to the Westminster course：he could fund the￡5，000 fee through savings，help from his parents and a part-time job．
H）“Looking back，I think it represented good value for money--the teaching was excellent and the course was interesting and varied，”he says．“The postgraduate learning style was more practical，with hands—on experience that helped me gain a better understanding of the workings of the commercial world．”Esterkin has now returned for a final year of legal study，having secured a training contract with a City firm next year．“Given the level of competition in law, I definitely think that my postgraduate degree．helped to distinguish me from the crowd,” he says. His tip for future postgraduates is to work harder from the start．“Postgraduate courses are taught and examined in a very different way from undergraduate degrees，and as they only last nine months，it’s tough to judge the level you need to succeed．”
I）The drive to find a good job was also a key motivation for Lauren Dolan，22，from Bath， who graduated with a degree in management systems from Manchester Metropolitan University in June 2008．She chose to engage in master’s study with one eye on the competitive graduate job market and another on the gloomy economic climate．“l wanted to have something over and above an undergraduate degree to make me stand out from other candidates，”she says．Although she had had weekend and holiday jobs since she was 15，a lack of professional work experience led her to choose a master's in advanced management practice at Bath University’s business school，which included a six-month work placement in industry．
J）“The course gave me a very sold foundation，both in terms of theoretical knowledge and practical．work experience。”Dolan explains．She spent her placement working at yoghurt-maker Danone，where she says：“l was given responsibility from the start and the very varied tasks enabled me to develop my skills．”The fact that she successfully appHed for a permanent job at the firm after graduation：．meails that Dolan feels the￡12，000 tuition fees were a worthy investment．She adds：“Although itinitially sounds expensive，I started work the day after my course ended，so it was definitelyworthwhile．”

Carl Gilleard suggests that one should choose a course based on future employment aims．


2、Questions are based on the following passage．
U．S．Education Secretary Arne Duncan appealed Friday for a new generation of extraordinary teachers，calling education the civil rights cause of our time．Duncan told about 100 prospective（未来的）teachers at the University of Virginia that veterans，retirees and professionals seeking a second career must pay attention to the call to teach．He said the need is especially acute for black men in the nation’s classrooms．
The Virginia address is the first of several Duncan will make in October to press for bright candidates to enter teaching．He’ll host a virtual town meeting with teachers from around the nation oil Oct．20，then deliver a major address on teacher preparation two days later in New York City．
Duncan stressed the importance of teaching as the U．S．competes with an increasingly educated global work force，saying strong education is needed to reduce dropout rates among African-American，Latino and low-income students．“I believe that education is the civil rights issue of our generation，”Duncan said．“If you care about promoting opportunity and reducing inequality and social injustice，the classroom is the place to start．”
Duncan noted that the next four years alone could see one-third of the nation’s teachers and administrators leave．The departure of veteran educators will create huge demand for new teachers--200，000 annually in good economic times，he said．
Duncan stressed that the demand for teachers is greatest amon9“high-poverty，high-needs” and rural schools, as well as in subjects such as math and science．“It is especially troubling，”he added，“that less than 2 percent of our nation’s teachers are African-American males．”
Duncan said the way to bring more young black men into the teaching profession is to make sure that they continue their studies and don’t drop out at the high rates they do IIOW．“0ur African male dropout rate is too high．If you’re dropping out of high school you can’t be a teacher,” he said．
Duncan said the nation cannot rely alone oil schools of education to produce the next generation of teachers．He called for expanding alternatives such as Teach for America which recruits recent college graduates to teach in schools in poor communities for at least two years．
Duncan made the Virginia address so as to highlight __________．
A．the nation’s need for excellent teachers
B．the nation’s need for black people in classrooms
C．the need of those who seek a second career
D．the need of those who are prepared to be teachers

3、听录音,回答题

A．It is located on Route 18．
B．It has an interesting museum.
C．It is a beautiful little town.
D．It lies seven miles east of Newton.


4、听录音,回答题

A． He suffered from mental illness. 
B． He bought The Washington Post.
C． He turned a failing newspaper into a success.
D． He was once a reporter for a major newspaper.


5、Questionsare based on the following passage.
Older women who take vitamin D and calcium supplements to prevent broken bones may be taking them in vain, according to leading experts. A U.S. government advisory group found taking typical low doses provided no benefits for average postmenopausal(绝经后的)women.
What is more taking 4OOIU of vitamin D and 1,000mg of calcium daily increased the risk of developing kidney stones. Both nutrients are crucial for building and maintaining strong, healthy bones and specialists advise getting as much as possible from a good diet and exposure to sunlight. If an older person has a vitamin deficiency or bone-thinning osteoporosis (骨质疏松症), doctors often prescribe higher- than-normal doses. But for otherwise healthy post-menopausal women, adding modest supplements to their diet makes no impact.
It isn't clear if those doses offer bone protection if taken before menopause, or if they help men's
bones, according to the new guidelines from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
It's a confusing message considering that for years, calcium and vitamin D supplements have been widely considered an insurance policy against osteoporosis, with little down-side to taking them. The NHS currently recommends people over 65 take a dally vitamin D pill, although no more than 25 micrograms.
"Regrettably, we don't have as much information as we would like to have about a substance that has been around a long time and we used to think we understood," said Dr. Virginia Moyer of the Baylor College of Medicine, who heads the task force. "Turns out, there's a lot more to learn. " The recommendations are not for people at high risk of weak bones, such as those with a history of bone fractures. These people should consult their local doctor. In the U.S. the average adult is advised to get about 1,000rag of calcium, 1 ,300 for post-menopausal women, every day. For vitamin D, the goal is 600 IUs ofvitamin D daily moving to 800 after age 70. The nutrients can be found in foods including orange juice fortified with calcium: dairy foods such as milk, yogurt and cheese; certain fish including salmon; and fortified breakfast cereals.
It can be learned that taking low doses of vitamin D and calcium supplements will________ to aver- age post-menopausal women.
A．be beneficial
B．bring harm
C．make no difference
D．increase the risk of developing kidney stones


6、Questions are based on the following passage.
A total of 1.3 million square kilometers of the country was36 __ by 37 __ haze, covering most parts of northern and eastern China, according to the Ministry of Environmental Protection, which graded the air quality of Beijing as level 6, indicating "serious pollution. "
The Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau noted that unfavorable meteorological conditions,38 __ a lack of wind, were a direct cause of the heavy haze, which has hit north China for at least the fourth time this winter.
Agitated by the39 __ smog, many picked out the country's twomajor oil giants--State-owned China National Petroleum Corporation and China'Petrochemical Corporation as the main "  40  __  " for the pollution after reading reports analyzing how the oil Chinese automobiles consume has badly polluted the air.
According to a diagram on sohu.com, the standard of China's petroleum is greatly  41 __ to that of the U.S. and Europe. It pointed out that China is the world's largest buyer of "bad-quality" crude and the gasoline has a high content of sulfur due to insufficient investment in  42 __ technology.
The report soon  43 __ a massive online uproar after being forwarded by some Weibo celebrities."The smog was caused by diverse reasons. Oil is just one of the factors contributing to the issue," Lu Dapeng, a spokesperson for Sinopec.
Han Xiaoping, an energy industry analyst, told that the burning of coal in winter, and not vehicle emissions, was the main contributor to air pollution.
"Last year, the44 __ of coal increased by over 20 million tons in Beijing compared with that in2011, as compared to the 2.5 billion tons nationwide," said Han, noting that by contrast, the consumption of oil grew by 30 million tons across the nation. He suggested that the restructuring of energy consumption would be an effective way of solving the problem, such as using natural gas and nuclear power as  45 __ for coal.
A．culprits
B．solutions
C．inferior
D．refining
E．alternatives
F．enveloped
G．sum
H．refined
I．deteriorating
J．superior
K．triggered
L．dense
M．leads to
N．namely
O．consumption
第(36)题应填__________


简答题
7、 剪纸(paper cutting)是中国为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and OingDynasties)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。
 
 


8、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中国中央电视台春节联欢晚会，简称为春晚，是每年农历除夕为庆祝农历新年而现场直播的重要晚会。自1983年首届春节联欢晚会在中央电视台播出以来，每年除夕之夜它都如期播出，这一传统一直延续至今。春晚在演出规模、演员阵容、播出时长和海内外收视率上创下了世界之。春晚也成了大多数中国人每逢春节必看的电视节目，是中国除夕之夜的文化盛宴。


9、《舌尖上的中国》是一部美食类纪录片，从2011年3月开始大规模拍摄。这部纪录片开播不久，便获得广泛的热议和追捧。绝大多数美食节目着重强调的是味觉，告诉大家怎么做美食，怎样使食物更加美味。而《舌尖上的中国》不仅让海内外观众领略中华美食之美，而且还展示了普通中国人的人生百昧(varieties of tastes in |．fe)。通过这部纪录片，中国的文化传统和社会变迁得以展现。


10、位于中国西南部云南省的丽江古城是中国保存完整、具民族特色的古城镇之一，同时也是享誉中外的旅游文化名城。丽江地处云南、四川、西藏三省交汇处。公路四通八达(extendi ng i n a|d i rect i ons)。丽江有多个汽车客运站，公路交通极为方便。游客在丽江古城闲逛，步行即可。当然也可乘坐出租车，起步价7元，每公里加价1．8元。如果在旅游旺季前往丽江旅行，一定要在出发前预定好房间。