单项选择题
1、阅读下文，回答题
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage．    
Once the hard decisions have been made about how to treat a patient’s cancer，doctors face aul even more difficult question：how do you help patients deal with the side effects of treatment?
The issue is a challenge for physicians because，unlike with cancer therapies，there are few scientific studies on the most effective ways to handle the side effects  including common symptoms such as poor sleep or fatigue．But addressing these seemingly coluinon complications（并发症）is crucial for helping patients maintain their regular lifestyle，which in turn may even encourage the success of their cancer treatment．
    That’s why Dr．Karen Mustian of the University of Rochester Medical Center decided to put a favorite practice of cancer survivors yoga--to the test．In a paper she will present at the American Society of Clinical Oncology（肿瘤学）（Asco）annual meeting in June，Mustian designed a standardized program based on hatha yoga—a slow-moving form of the discipline-and tested its effect on improving：the quality of life for cancer survivors．
    Called YOCAS，the four-week program involved sessi。ons of hatha yoga twice a week for 75 minutes each，in combination with breathing exercises and meditation（冥想）．Among the 410 participants，who were divided into yoga and traditional follow-up care groups，those practicing yoga recorded nearly double the improvement in sleep quality and reduction of fatigue compared to those not practicing yoga．They also reported better quality of life overall，Mnstian says．
    For cancer physicians．the findings will be a welcome addition to their discussions with patients．“Many patients ask about complementary（互补的）therapies，whether they are exercise or meditation or yoga，”says Dr,Douglas Blayney，medical director of the comprehensive cancer center at University of Michigan and president of ASCO．“I often don’t know what to tell them because there isn't a lot of science on these complementary therapies．Here is a scientific study showing benefit，so at least we can have some assurance in telling women that here is a yoga program，here are its characteristics and it has been shown to have beneficial effects on sleep and quality of life．’’

What bothers the cancer physicians after determining the treatment plan?
A．How to prevent the side effects from appearing．
B．How to handle the side effects effectively．
C．How to persuade the patient to accept the therapy．
D．How to prove effectiveness of the treatment．

2、Questionsare based on the following passage.
In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake areinfluenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eatingenvironment and our perception of the food in front of us.
Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) canincrease both hunger and the amount of food consumed．Even simple visual cues, like plate size andlighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.
A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite．Several hoursafter a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they'd eaten but rather by howmuch food they'd seen in front of them--in other words, how much they remembered eating.
This disparity (差异) suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on ourappetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M．Brunstrom, a professor of experimentalpsychology at the University of Bristol.
"Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal．We have identifiedan independent role for memory for that meal," Brunstrom says．"This shows that the relationshipbetween hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought."
These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick ourbody's response to the food itself．In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie(卡路里) milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones (荷尔蒙~,), depending on whether the shake's label said it contained 620 or 140 calories．Moreover, theparticipants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie Shake.
What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves intoeating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV andmultitasldng while eating.
The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite,Brunstrom says.
What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake?
A．How we perceive the food we eat．
B．What ingredients the food contains.
C．When we eat our meals．
D．How fast we eat our meals.


3、Questions are based on the following passage.
A recent global survey of 2,000 high-net-worth individuals found that 60% were not planning on a traditional retirement．Among U.S．participants, 75% expected to continue working in some capacity even after stepping away from full-time jobs．"Many of these people made their wealth by doing something they're passionate (有激情的) about," says Daniel Egan, head of behavioral finance for Barclays Wealth
Americas．"Given the choice, they prefer to continue working." Barclays calls these people "nevertirees."
Unlike many Americans compelled into early retirement by company restrictions, the averagenevertiree often has no one forcing his hand．If 106-year-old investor Irving Kahn, head of his own family firm, wants to keep coming to work every day, who's going to stop him? Seventy-eight-year-old Supreme  Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's job security is guaranteed in the Constitution.
It may seem that these elderly people are trying to cheat death．In fact, they are．And it's working．Howard Friedman, a professor at UC Riverside, found in his research that those who work hardest and are successful in their careers often live the longest lives．"People are generally being given bad advice to slow down, take it easy, stop worrying, and retire to Florida," he says．He described one study participant, Still working at the age of 100, who was recently disappointed to see his son retire.
"We're beginning to see a change in how people view retirement," says George Leeson, codirector of the Institute of Population Ageing at Oxford．Where once retirement was seen as a brief reward after a long straggle through some miserable job, it is now akin (近似) to being cast aside．What Leeson terms "the Warren Buffett effect" is becoming more broadly appealing as individuals come to "view retirement as not simply being linked to economic productivity but also about contribution:"
Observers are split on whether this is a wholly good thing．On the one hand, companies and financial firms can benefit from the wisdom of a resilient (坚韧的) chief．On the other, the new generation can find it more difficult to advance--an argument that typically holds little sway to a nevertiree.
What do we learn about the so-called "nevertirees"?
A．They are passionate about malting a fortune.
B．They have no choice but to continue working.
C．They love what they do and choose not to retire.
D．They will not retire unless they are compelled to.


4、根据以下资料，回答题：
Directions：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it．Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs．Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived．You may choose a paragraph more than once．Each paragraph is marked with a letter．Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2．
Here’s the Totally Amazing Wonder Material That Could Revolutionize Technology
A．In the technology industry,every new product or service seems to come with the promise that it is an innovation with the potential to change the world．Graphene(石墨烯)，a form of carbon，might actually do just that．
B．“Graphene is a wonderful material，”Jeanie Lau，a professor of physics at the University of California at Riverside，told Fortune．“It conducts heat 10 times better than copper and electricity 100 times better than silicon，is transparent like plastic，extremely lightweight,extremely strong,yet flexible and elastic．In the past decade，it has taken the scientific and technology communities by storm，and has become the most promising electronic material to supplement or replace silicon．”
C．Graphene has already found its way into a number of compelling applications，Lau said．For instance，“since it is both transparent and electrically conductive—two attributes rarely found in the same material in nature—it has tremendous potential as the transparent electrode in monitors．displays；solar cells，and touch screens，”she explained．“Companies such as Samsung that invest heavily in this area have already secured patents，produced prototypes，and are expected to bring products to market in a few years．”Wearable electronic devices，aviation components，broadband photodetectors(光电检测器)，radiation-resistant coatings，sensors，and energy storage are among numerous other areas of active research．Lau said．
D．For many researchers and investors，the ultimate application is graphene-based transistors，the building blocks of modem electronics．But getting there may take some time．
A child of graphite
E．First produced in a lab back in 2004，graphene is essentially a single layer of pure carbon atoms bonded together in a honeycomb lattice so thin it’s actually considered two-dimensional．“We generally regard anything less than 10 layers of graphene as graphene；otherwise，it’s graphite，”said Aravind Vijayaraghavan，a lecturer in nanomaterials at the University of Manchester．
F．Even“graphene”is a bit of an umbrella term．“To oversimplify,there are two major types of graphene，”Michael Patterson，CEO of Graphene Frontiers，said．The first：“Nanoplatelets，”which are powders or flakes made from graphite．These have been around for a while and are“not really super-sexy,”Patterson said．“You mix them into polymers(聚合物)or inks or rubbers to make them conductive．”In flake form，graphene is already on its way to becoming a commodity,Patterson added．The other type—in sheet or film form—is where graphene’s biggest promise lies．Graphene sheets have“incredible potential for electronics，”Patterson said．In the near term，that potential may manifest in situations where the quantity requirements are“not that great”and where quality or conductivity doesn’t have to be as high，such as in basic touch-screen applications，he said．Products that use graphene in this way could arrive to market in the next six to 1 2 months．
G．Looking a little further out，graphene can be employed in membranes used for water desalination．Lockheed-Martin already has a patented product known as Perforene．“It’s real and it works，but it won’t be economically viable until the product reaches an industrial scale where the cost is measured in pennies per square inch”rather than dollars or tens of dollars per square inch，Patterson explained．
“That’s where we’re working today．”
‘It’s expensive and low-capacity’
H．But use of graphene in semiconductors—the technology’s Holy Grail—is likely a decade away．“Many of the challenges presented by graphene are common to most new materials，”Paul Smith,a patent associate with the Intellectual Property Law Group at Fenwick & West，told Fortune．“The trick is figuring out how to synthesize graphene in a way that first is manufacturable beyond lab scale；second，preserves the desirable properties of the material；and third，can be integrated into a product or technology．”
D．Synthesizing graphene in sheet form is considerably more expensive and time-consuming than producing graphene flakes．Whereas the latter typically involves a“quick and dirty”process by which bulk graphite is disassembled into millions of tiny pieces，Lau explained，large sheets of graphene are carefully“grown”on substrates(基板)such as copper，germanium，or silicon carbide．
J．Graphene sheets are also prone to defects and“very difficult to make in good quality,”Ron Mertens，owner and editor of Graphene-Info．tom，said．Production capacity is also very limited．“There are thousands of small companies that can make graphene，but it’s expensive and low-capacity,”Mertens said．alround wafer measuring one inch in diameter,for instance，costs about$1 00，he added．
K．An even thornier obstacle on the way to graphene transistors is the fact that the material has no“band gap，”an essential property that allows transistors to be turned on and off without leaking electronic charge in the“off”state，said Elias Towe，a professor of electrical and computer engineering at Carnegie Mellon University．
L．“Band-gap engineering has been and remains the biggest challenge in the development of graphene transistors and computer chips．”Lau said．It requires controlling the material almost down at the atomic level，and“that’s really pushing the edges of existing technology,”Patterson said．“In 10 years，we’11 start to see these problems solved．”
‘It is largely a matter of time’
M．If graphene is to succeed as a replacement for silicon，every unit of cost and performance will make a difference，Towe said．
N．“Silicon is hard to displace，with all the billions dollars of investments made in manufacturing infrastructure，”he said．“A replacement for silicon has to offer extraordinary performance at extremely rock-bottom cost to compel industry to change its way．”
O．Though graphene is just 10 years old—in contrast,use of silicon in transistors dates to the early 1950s—considerable progress has already been made．For example，the largest graphene sheet was produced by hand in a laboratory eight years ago；its width was less than that of a human hair．“Nowadays，roll-to-roll printing of graphene sheets up to 1 00 meters long has been achieved，”Lau said．“With the increasing interest，investment，and research in graphene-based technology,I think it is largely a matter of time before the economy of scale kicks in and truly low-cost，large-scale production ofhigh-quality graphene is accomplished，”she added．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

Nanoplatelet is the powder-or flake-type of graphene that has been used for some time to make conductors and that is being launched on the market．


5、根据下面内容，回答题。
A．A recent Cambridge University analysisof 76 studies involving more than 650，000 peopleconcluded，“The current evidence does not clearlysupport guidelines that low consumption of total Saturated fats．“Yet the American Heart Association（Arial，in its most recent dietary guidelines，heldfast to the idea that we must A．l eat low．fat diets for optimal  hearthealth．It’s a stance that—at the very best—is controversial，and at worst is dead wrong．As a practicing cardiologist（心脏病学家）for more than three decades，I agree with the latte—it’s dead wrong．Whydoes the AHA cling to recommendations that fly in the face of scientificevidence？
B．What I discovered was both eye．opening and disturbing．The AHA not only ignored all the other risk factors for heart disease，but it appointed someone with ties to Big Food and bizarrescientific beliefs to lead the guideline-writing panel—just the type of thing that undermines the public’s confidence in the medical community．The AHA guidelines warrant that saturated fat make up no more than 5 to 6 percent of daily calories for adults because this will lower “bad” cholesterol（胆固醇）．And，for those people who need blood pressure control，the guidelines A．so suggest lowering sodium（salt）intake to no more than a teaspoon（2，300 mg）daily．Despite many other known risk factors for heart disease，salt and fat were，astonishingly，the only two considered by the AHA panel writing the guidelines．There are many other recognized risk factors the AHA ignored，including blood sugar level，low “good” cholesterol，insulin（胰岛素）levels，and body weight—an of these are influenced by diet．
C．In fact，mostpeople who have heart attacks don’t have elevations in bad cholesterol．They are much  more likely tohave metabolic syndrome（新陈代谢综合征）—a condition that putsyou at high risk for diabetes and heart disease．Interestinglyenough，blood triglycerides（甘油三脂）do not go up with eating fat—they go up if you eat a diet high inprocessed grains，starches，andsugar．Unfortunately for the proponents ofhigh-carbohydrate（糖类）diets，highblood triglycerides are a major risk factor for heart disease．In addition．low fat／highcarb diets lower protective “good”cholesterol and raiseinsulin．
These diets are involved in the development of diabetes．which is a powerful risk factor for developing heart disease．
Heart Cheek Program’s contribution
D．The writers of the 2013 statinguidelines based their recommendations on studies that looked at the reductionin the risk of events like heart attacks in people treated with statins．compared to people on a placebo（安慰剂）．The AHAdietary guidelines do not cite any diet studies that looked at whether followinga specific diet lowered the risk of developing heart events—yet they are givingdietary advice．Why？There mightbe two plausible reasons．One is the AHA's moneymaking “HeartCheck Program．”The second is the conflict of interestof Robert Eckel—the co-chair of the panel that wrote the guidelines．
E．Forty．fivepercent of these “heart healthy” foods—over 400 of them—are meat：92 are processed meats—which have been shown to have either neutralor negative effects on heart health．Even more problematicare the foods containing added sugar．The AHA recommendsthat women consume less
than 6 teaspoons（100 calories）of sugar a day and less than 9 teaspoons（150caories）for men．Yet there areitems that get the nod of approval．from the HeartCheck program despite being near or at the sugar limit．1ikeBruce’s Yams Candied Sweet Potatoes and Healthy Choice Salisbury Steak．
F．Until this year，Heart Check approved many foods with trans-fats，which raise bad cholesterol and lower good cholesterol，among other harmful effects on health，like increasing inflammation（发炎）and the laying down of calciumin arteries（动脉）．
G．Like the dietary guidelines，the AHA Heart Check Program appears to address only the effect of foods on cholesterol level and blood pressure．Meanwhile，since the 1 970s，our yearly sugarconsumption has increased quickly along with the incidence of diabetes and obesity．This brings us to Dr．Robert
H．Eckel，theco-chair of the Working Group．He is a consultant for Foodminds，which specializes “in food，beverage，nutrition，health and wellness．”Foodminds works with more than 30 leadingfood，beverage，and nutrition tooffer a “one stop shop of…consulting…to guide food and beverage companies innavigating the complexities around the upcoming FDA Nutrition Facts labeloverhaul．”In other words．Foodmindsis a lobbying firm for “Big Food．”
Creationist’s coming
H．And then there is this：Dr．Eckeldescribes himself as “a scientist and professing six．daycreationist and a member of the technical advisory board of the Institute forCreation Research…”Many scientists are religious．This isnot to question Dr．Eckel’s religious beliefs．but to question his ability to think sciemifically．He believes there is scientific proof that the world was created insix days and mat evolution does not exist．This shouldat least raise eyebrows when the co-chair of an influential panel charged withgiving scientifically sound dietary advice has a financial conflict of interestand proselytizes for beliefs that are anti．scientific．
I．The American people should beable to trust that only impartial scientists write guidelines．We should be confident that those experts are not working to advancecorporate interests and that they do not espouse beliefs that are well outsidethe scientific mainstream．An avowed creationist who consults for a food lobby hardly seems an appropriate choice to fulfill these criteria．For the last several decades，the AHA has promoted a low-fat high-carbohydrate diet as acornerstone of heart health．It has taken a very public position that saturated fats are a major driver of heart disease risk and the mounting tide of evidence that this is dead wrong must put it in a very uncomfortable position．And yet a fundamental requirement of science--as opposed to propaganda--is that when evidence that contradicts a hypothesis is replicated over and over again，that hypothesis must be abandoned．
J．The idea that eating high amounts of saturated fat causes hardening of the arteries—the so．Called “diet-heart hypothesis—deserves to be jettisoned along with other discredited belief systems．Creationism comes tomind．Will the AHA step up to the plate？
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
It is fun that blood triglycerides won’t rise when you eat fat，but go up with eating other sugar and starches．

6、Quesffons are based on thefoUowingpassage．
Global warming is a trend toward warmer conditions around the world．Part of the warming is natural；we have experienced a 20，000-year-long warming as the last ice age ended and the ice(36)__________ away．However,we have akeady reached temperatures that are in(37)__________ with other minimum—ice periods，so continued warming is likely not natural．We are(3 8)__________ to a predicted worldwide increase in temperatures(39)__________between 1℃and 6℃over the next 1 00 years．The warming will be more(40)__________ in some areas，less in others，and some places may even cool off．Likewise，the(41)__________ 0f this warming will be very different depending on where you are---coastal areas must worry about rising sea levels，while Siberia and northern Canada may become more habitable(宜居的)and(42)__________ for humans than these areas are now．
The fact remains，however,that it will likely get warmer,on(43)__________ J everywhere．Scientists are in general agreement that the warmer conditions we have been experiencing are at least in part the result of a human-induced global warming trend．Some scientists(44)__________ that the changes we are seeing fall within
the range of random(无规律的)variation—some years are cold，others warm，and we have just had an unremarkable string of warm years(45)__________ but that is becoming an increasingly rare interpretation in the face of continued and increasing warm conditions．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A．appealing
B．average
C．contributing
D．dramatic
E．frequently
F．impact
G．line
H．maintain
I．melted
J．persist
K．ranging
L．recently
M．resolved
N．sensible
O．shock
36题应填______


简答题
7、Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English．
泼水节（Water Splashing Festival）是傣族富民族特色的节日。人们互相泼水，表示洗去身上一年的污垢和晦气，在新的一年里会更加平安和幸福。泼水节这一天人们要拜佛（worship Budda）姑娘们用漂着鲜花的清水为佛洗尘，然后彼此泼水嬉戏，相互祝愿。被人泼的水越多，说明受到的祝福越多。泼水节期间，还要举行赛龙船、放飞灯等传统娱乐活动和各种歌舞晚会。

8、中国教育工作者早就认识到读书对于国家的重要意义。有些教育工作者2003年就建议设立全民读书日。他们强调。人们应当读好书，尤其是经典著作。通过阅读，人们能更好地学会感恩、有责任心和与人合作，而教育的目的正是要培养这些基本素质。阅读对于中小学生尤为重要，假如他们没有在这个关键时期培养阅读的兴趣，以后要养成阅读的习惯就很难了。


9、随着人口老龄化增长趋势的日益显现，空巢老人中存在的问题也逐渐突出，关爱空巢老人越来越成为人们关注的话题。空巢老人是指那些孩子不在身边、独自居住的老年人。他们缺少家人关爱，生活寂寞。因为孩子们长时间不回家，家庭如同空巢一般。这些老人们很容易产生不良情绪。作为子女，即使远在异地，也应经常通过电话与父母进行感情和思想的交流。


10、