单项选择题
1、阅读下文，回答题
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage. 
Poor people have I.Q.’s significantly lower than those of rich people，and the awkward conventional wisdom has been that this is in large part a （36）  of genetics. After all，a series of studies seemed to indicate that I.Q. is largely inherited. Identical twins raised apart, for example, have I.Q.’s that are remarkably （37）. 
If intelligence were deeply connected with our genes，that would lead to the depressing conclusion on that neither schooling nor antipoverty programs can （38）much. Yet while this view of I.Q. has been widely held, new evidence shows that it is（39）wrong. Richard Nisbett, a professor of psychology at the University of Michigan，has just proved it completely wrong in a new book，Intelligence and How to Get It. 
Professor Nisbett strongly advocates intensive early childhood education because of its proven ability to（40）I.Q. The Milwaukee Project，for example，took African-American children considered at risk for mental retardation（迟钝）and assigned them （41）either to a control group that received no help or to a group that enjoyed intensive day care and education from 6 months of age until first grade：By age 5，the children in the program（42）an I. Q. of 110，compared with 83 for children in the control group. Another proven （43）is to tell junior-high-school students that l. Q. is expandable，and that their intelligence is something they can help shape. Students exposed to that idea work（44）and get better grades. 
The implication of this new research on intelligence is that if we were to（45）early childhood4
education and support schooling，we might be able to raise America’s collective I.Q. significantly. 
A. previously
B. intervention
C. harder
D. similar
E. raise
F. factor
G. averaged
H. interfere
I. randomly
J. profoundly
K. push
L. analyzed
M. function
N. diligent
O. accomplish
第(36)题应填__________ 


2、Questionsare based on the following passage．
Rising college selectivity doesn’t mean that students are smarter and more serious than in the past．It’s a function of excess demand for higher education，occurring at a time of increased financial privatization of the industry．
The recession has only increased demand．The vast majority of students aren't going to college because of a thirst for knowledge．They’re there because they need a job，and they need to get the credentials（证书）-and，one hopes，the knowledge and skills behind the credentials--that will get them into the labor market．
As higher education has become a seller’s market，the institutions in a position to do so are doing what comes naturally：raising their tuitions，and their admissions requirements，but at the expense of contributing to the national goal to increase college attainment．The result is that the United States is losing ground in the international race for educational talent．
The increasing stratification（阶层化）of higher education is happening on the spending side，as well．As the selective institutions have become more expensive and less attainable，the rest have had to struggle with the responsibility to enroll more students without being paid to do s0．Gaps between rich and poor have grown even more dramatically than gaps in entering test scores．While spending is a poor measure of educational quality，we can’t seriously expect to increase educational attainment if we're not prepared to do something to address these growing inequities in funding．
That said，the educational policy problem in our country is not that the elite institutions are becoming more selective．The problem is on the public pokey side．The president and many governors have set a goal to return America to a position of international leadership in educational attainment．
It’s the right goal，we just need a financing strategy to get there．That doesn’t mean just more money，although some more money will be needed．It also means better attention to effectiveness and to efficiency，and to making sure that spending goes to the places that will make a difference in educational attainment．We know how to do it，if we want to．·
The demand for higher education has increased because __________．
A．the number of students keeps growing
B．there is a boost in the labor market
C．of the rising college selectivity
D．of the economic depression


3、Questionsare based on the following passage．
Junk food is everywhere．We're eating way too much ．of it．Most of us know what we're doing and．yet we do it anyway．So here's a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it's displayed?
"Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖症) assume ．that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and ．therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods," note the two researchers．"In contrast," the researchers continue, "many regulations that don't assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance  like food--of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems．"
The research references studies of people's behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods．Among them: Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren't handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted (分配) based on the number of places in an area that already ．sell alcohol．These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink．
Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it．SO why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren't primarily food stores?
Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can't buy alcohol at drive-through facilities．At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they're easily seen．One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines．The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products．
What does the author say about junk food?
A．People should be educated not to eat too much．
B．It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation．
C．Its temptation is too strong for people to resist．
D．It causes more harm than is generally realized．．


4、听录音,
回答题

A．Children should be taught to be more careful．
B．Children shouldn't drink so much orange juice．
C．There is no need for the man to make such a fuss．
D．Timmy should learn to do things in the right way．


5、听录音,回答题

A．It is located on Route 18．
B．It has an interesting museum.
C．It is a beautiful little town.
D．It lies seven miles east of Newton.


6、Questions  are based on the following passage．
Alex Pang's amusing new book The Distraction Addiction addresses those of us who feel panic without a cellphone or computer．And that, he claims, is pretty much all of us．When we're not online, where we spend four months annually, we're engaged in the stressful work of trying to get online．
The Distraction Addiction is not framed as a self-help book．It's a thoughtful examination of the dangers of our computing overdose and a historical overview of how technological advances change consciousness．A "professional futurist", Pang urges an approach which he calls "contemplative (沉思的) computing．" He asks that you pay full attention to  "how your mind and body interact with computers and how your attention and creativity are influenced by technology．"
Pang's first job is to free you from the common misconception that doing two things at once allows you to get more done．What is commonly called multitasking is, in fact, switch-tasking, and its harmful effects on productivity are well documented．Pang doesn't advocate returning to a pre-Internet world．Instead, he asks you to "take a more ecological (生态的) view of your relationships with technologies and
look for ways devices or media may be making specific tasks easier or faster but at the same time making your work and life harder．"
The Distraction Addiction is particularly fascinating on how technologies have changed certain fields of labor-often for the worse．For architects, computer-aided design has become essential but in some ways has cheapened the design process．As one architect puts it, "Architecture is first and foremost about thinking．．, and drawing is a more productive way of thinking" than computer-aided design．
Somewhat less amusing are Pang's solutions for kicking the Internet habit．He recommends the usual behavior-modification approaches, familiar to anyone who has completed a not smoking program．Keep logs to study your online profile and decide what you can knock out, download a program like Freedom that locks you out of your browser, or take a  "digital Sabbath (安息日 )":  "Unless you're a reporter or
emergency-department doctor, you'll discover that your world doesn't fall apart when you go offline．"
Alex Pang's new book is aimed for readers who
A．find their work online too stressful
B．go online mainly for entertainment
C．are fearful about using the cellphone or computer
D．can hardly tear themselves away from the Internet


7、Questions are based on the following passage.
Fire, scientists agree, helped give rise to a successful, thriving human population by providing heatfor cooking and protection from the cold.
But they don't agree36 __ when humans began using fire. Some researchers argue that it 37 __ more than a million years ago when early humans made their way to Europe from Africa, and others say it happened much later. Now, a new study argues that humans did not 38 __ fire until about 400,000 years ago.
Two archaeologists in the US report their39  __ in the current issue of the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The pair looked at excavation (发掘 ) reports and studies from 141 sites in Europe that were between 1.2 million and 35,000 years old. They think there is no clear evidence of 40 __ fire use until about 400,000 years ago. In Africa, while there are several sites where there was evidence of fire, those may have been41 __ fires that occurred in the African grassland.
 Yet there are sites older than 400,000 years in Europe that indicate the42 __ of humans, with the oldest, in Spain, more than a million years old. This means that despite Europe's extreme winter climates, early humans found a way to 43 __ without the warmth of a fire. As the researchers mention, early humans are adaptable and persistent. But some researchers maintain that it is still a puzzling explanation and it still44 __ some serious thinking about how early the human being could have survived on a seasonally variable food45 __ despite having small teeth and small guts. Up to now, none has solved this problem yet.
A． acquire
B． authentic
C． demands
D． exactly
E． eventually
F． findings
G． habitual
H． investigations
I． master
J． natural
K． occurred
L． presence
M． skillful
N． supply
O． survive
第(36)题应填__________


简答题
8、 Directions.. For this part, you are alltnced 30 minutes to zerrite a short essayon the topic of how to relieve stress. You should start your essay vith a briefaccount of the problem of facing stress and then explain how to deal with it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.


9、 Directions: For this Part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay about a classmate of yours who has influenced you most in college.You should state the reasons and write at least 120 zvords but no more than180 words.


10、大熊猫是一种温顺的动物，长着独特的黑白皮毛。因其数量极少，大熊猫已被列为濒危物种。大熊猫对于世界自然基金会有着特殊意义。自1961年该基金会成立以来，大熊猫就一直是它的徽标。大熊猫是熊科中稀有的成员，主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。目前，世界上大约有1000只大熊猫。这些以竹为食的动物正面临许多威胁。因此，确保大熊猫的生存比以往更重要。