2013年6月英语四级冲刺试题及答案（一）
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over thepassage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1 -7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Bad behavior incockpit has proven deadly
Terrifying incidents of bad pilot behavior like a JetBlue pilot'smeltdown this week are not unprecedented in the history of commercial aviationand have sometimes caused deadly crashes.
Nevertheless, the list of incidents resulting from unprofessionalpilot behavior over a 50-year history and millions of flights show that"it's a very rare thing," says aviation safety expert Aaron Gellmanof the Kellogg
School of Management at Northwestern University. "And evenwith what's happened in the past, it's the safest mode of transportation byfar."
Tuesday's JetBlue incident, where the FBI alleges captain Clayton Ｏsbon started Speaking nonsense tohis first officer and was later tackled and restrained by passengers, isextremely unusual. But airline procedures, which require two pilots and lockedcockpit (驾驶座舱)doors, protected the public, Gellmansays.
Some previous incidents of bad behavior by pilots have been fatal,showing that airline procedures cannot save lives when pilots choose to ignorethem.
On Feb. 12, 2009, Colgan Air Flight 3407 iced up and crashed inBuffalo, N.Y., after a series of mistakes by tired pilots, according to theNational Transportation Safety Board. Both the captain and first officer had traveledfor hours before taking controls of the plane in Newark, and the young firstofficer, Rebecca Lynne Shaw, was heard on the flight recorder saying she hadlittle experience dealing with icy conditions. When ice caused the flight tostall(失速)，captain Marvin Renslow erred and made the stall worse, crashing theplane and killing 50 people,according to the NTSB. The board also concludedthat Shaw and Renslow had been chitchatting in the cockpit.
"They weren't properly trained and weren't able to handle thesituation," Gellman says.
In 2008, an Air Canada co-pilot was forcibly removed from aToronto-to-London flight, restrained andsedated(给服镇静剂)after having a mental breakdown andspeaking to God while behind the controls at 30,000 feet. The plane landed safelyin Ireland.
Ｏn Oct. 31, 1999, Egypt Air Flight 990 crashed into the AtlanticOcean off the Massachusetts coast due,according to the NTSB, to the deliberateaction of first officer Gameel Al-Batouti. The Boeing 767 crashed with dozensof Egyptian military officers aboard who were returning from helicopter flighttraining in the USA at a time when the Egyptian government was at war withradical Islamists. Al-Batouti, an Islamist sympathizer, "wanted to get ridof the helicopter pilots and crashed the airplane," Gellman says.
Ｏn Oct. 14, 2004, two pilots taking an empty airliner from LittleRock, Ark., to Minneapolis decided to explore the limits of their PinnacleAirlines plane. Captain Jesse Rhodes and first officer Peter Cesarz took the planeto 41,000, the maximum approved altitude for the plane, and then failed tofollow proper procedure when the plane stalled and the engines shut down,according to the NTSB; After trying unsuccessfully to restart the engines whilegliding, they crashed behind several homes 2.5 miles from an airport. Bothcrewmembers were killed.
A 1956 mid-air collision that investigators blamed on pilotstrying to give passengers better views of the Grand Canyon resulted in arevamping(改写)of the role of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in patrollingthe airways.
The pilots were maneuvering around cloud formations over thecanyon and collided, killing 128 people."It was a watershed(分水岭) event because it changed thewhole approach to air traffic control," Gellman says. Congress reacted byincreasing funding for the FAA, giving it the capability to monitor aircraft"in the airways not just in the terminal," Gellman says.
Investigations of deadly accidents over the years have resulted insafety procedures, such as requiring two pilots and locking cockpit doors,which helped preserve lives in the JetBlue incident, Gellman says.
"Even if the captain had insisted on making trouble in thecockpit, I think the first officer would have been able to handle it,"Gellman says. "That's why we have two people in there."
Dave Funk, a retired Northwest Airlines captain now an aviationconsultant with Laird & Associates, says the JetBlue flight might have beensaved by the co-pilot, who barred an incapacitated (不胜任的 ) Ｏsbonfrom the cockpit. "The first officer recognized the gravity of thesituation and solved the problem," Funk says.
The co-pilot's quick thinking on that flight is analogous tocaptain "Sully" Sullenberger landing a US Airways flight on New York'sHudson River with no lives lost, Funk says. "We gave him a bunch of brokeneggs.
He made scrambled eggs. He didn't make eggs over medium. "
Funk says pilots today face more worries than they did years ago,when airlines like TWA and now-defunct Pan Am projected an image of employees who have"this wonderful life, have great benefits, fly around the world,fall inlove, all in their 20s. "
Instead, he says, pilots today are dealing with "the crappyeconomy, the political fights each day. Is Washington going to get attacked?That's going to create stress. "Pilots, in particular, have to deal with alot more stresses in their job because of the intense security situation,Funksays.
"It's the greatest job in the world when you get to the endof the runway," Funk says. "All the crap you have to get through to make it to therunway doesn't make it worth it to a lot of us anymore."
1. Tuesday's JetBlue incident is __________.
A) an incident of unprofessional pilot behavior
B) the major cause of a plane crash
C) an example showing that the air travel is still the safest modeof transportation by far
D) an example showing how the airline procedures protect the public
2. Why does Aaron Gellman think air travel is still the safest mode oftransportation by far?
A) There have been hardly any incident resulting from unprofessionalbehavior.
B) Cases like the JetBlue incident arer are.
C) Pilots always emphasize the safety of the public.
D) The first officer is always there to help the captain.
3. The immediate cause of the crash of Colgan Air Flight 3407is __________.
A) the captain was chitchatting with the first officer
B) thc young first officer had little experience dealing with icyconditions
C) both the captain and the first officer were quite tired after along-time journey
D) the captain Marvin Renslow's mistaken operation
4. What do captain Clayton Osbon and a co-pilot of Air Canadahave in common?
A) They are both experienced pilots.
B) They are both Christians.
C) They both had a mental problem during the flying mission.
D) They both have to take responsibility for their misdeeds.
5. According to this passage, who deliberately crashed anairplane?
A) Jesse Rhodes and Peter Cesarz.
C) Gameel A1-Batouti.
B) Dave Funk.
D) Clayton Osbon.
6. What was regarded as a watershed event?
A) A 1956 mid-air collision.
B) The JetBtue incident.
C) Two pilots trying to explore the limits of their plane.
D) An Egyptian plane crashing into the Atlantic Ocean.
7. Requiting two pilots is an important safety measurebecause __________.
A) two pilots can oversee each other during the flight
B) two pilots can take turns flying the plane
C) when one is sick, the other will be able to take his/her place
D) they help prevent deadly accidents
8. The JetBlue flight was to some extent saved by theco-pilot because he recognized
and solved the problem.
9. Years ago, people admired the pilots who worked forairlines such as__________since it seemed that they earned a lot of money,could travel around the world and fell in love early.
10.Pilots nowadays have to deal with a lot more stresses thanbefore becauseof __________.
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over thepassage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1 -7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Bad behavior incockpit has proven deadly
Terrifying incidents of bad pilot behavior like a JetBlue pilot'smeltdown this week are not unprecedented in the history of commercial aviationand have sometimes caused deadly crashes.
Nevertheless, the list of incidents resulting from unprofessionalpilot behavior over a 50-year history and millions of flights show that"it's a very rare thing," says aviation safety expert Aaron Gellmanof the Kellogg
School of Management at Northwestern University. "And evenwith what's happened in the past, it's the safest mode of transportation byfar."
Tuesday's JetBlue incident, where the FBI alleges captain Clayton Ｏsbon started Speaking nonsense tohis first officer and was later tackled and restrained by passengers, isextremely unusual. But airline procedures, which require two pilots and lockedcockpit (驾驶座舱)doors, protected the public, Gellmansays.
Some previous incidents of bad behavior by pilots have been fatal,showing that airline procedures cannot save lives when pilots choose to ignorethem.
On Feb. 12, 2009, Colgan Air Flight 3407 iced up and crashed inBuffalo, N.Y., after a series of mistakes by tired pilots, according to theNational Transportation Safety Board. Both the captain and first officer had traveledfor hours before taking controls of the plane in Newark, and the young firstofficer, Rebecca Lynne Shaw, was heard on the flight recorder saying she hadlittle experience dealing with icy conditions. When ice caused the flight tostall(失速)，captain Marvin Renslow erred and made the stall worse, crashing theplane and killing 50 people,according to the NTSB. The board also concludedthat Shaw and Renslow had been chitchatting in the cockpit.
"They weren't properly trained and weren't able to handle thesituation," Gellman says.
In 2008, an Air Canada co-pilot was forcibly removed from aToronto-to-London flight, restrained andsedated(给服镇静剂)after having a mental breakdown andspeaking to God while behind the controls at 30,000 feet. The plane landed safelyin Ireland.
Ｏn Oct. 31, 1999, Egypt Air Flight 990 crashed into the AtlanticOcean off the Massachusetts coast due,according to the NTSB, to the deliberateaction of first officer Gameel Al-Batouti. The Boeing 767 crashed with dozensof Egyptian military officers aboard who were returning from helicopter flighttraining in the USA at a time when the Egyptian government was at war withradical Islamists. Al-Batouti, an Islamist sympathizer, "wanted to get ridof the helicopter pilots and crashed the airplane," Gellman says.
Ｏn Oct. 14, 2004, two pilots taking an empty airliner from LittleRock, Ark., to Minneapolis decided to explore the limits of their PinnacleAirlines plane. Captain Jesse Rhodes and first officer Peter Cesarz took the planeto 41,000, the maximum approved altitude for the plane, and then failed tofollow proper procedure when the plane stalled and the engines shut down,according to the NTSB; After trying unsuccessfully to restart the engines whilegliding, they crashed behind several homes 2.5 miles from an airport. Bothcrewmembers were killed.
A 1956 mid-air collision that investigators blamed on pilotstrying to give passengers better views of the Grand Canyon resulted in arevamping(改写)of the role of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in patrollingthe airways.
The pilots were maneuvering around cloud formations over thecanyon and collided, killing 128 people."It was a watershed(分水岭) event because it changed thewhole approach to air traffic control," Gellman says. Congress reacted byincreasing funding for the FAA, giving it the capability to monitor aircraft"in the airways not just in the terminal," Gellman says.
Investigations of deadly accidents over the years have resulted insafety procedures, such as requiring two pilots and locking cockpit doors,which helped preserve lives in the JetBlue incident, Gellman says.
"Even if the captain had insisted on making trouble in thecockpit, I think the first officer would have been able to handle it,"Gellman says. "That's why we have two people in there."
Dave Funk, a retired Northwest Airlines captain now an aviationconsultant with Laird & Associates, says the JetBlue flight might have beensaved by the co-pilot, who barred an incapacitated (不胜任的 ) Ｏsbonfrom the cockpit. "The first officer recognized the gravity of thesituation and solved the problem," Funk says.
The co-pilot's quick thinking on that flight is analogous tocaptain "Sully" Sullenberger landing a US Airways flight on New York'sHudson River with no lives lost, Funk says. "We gave him a bunch of brokeneggs.
He made scrambled eggs. He didn't make eggs over medium. "
Funk says pilots today face more worries than they did years ago,when airlines like TWA and now-defunct Pan Am projected an image of employees who have"this wonderful life, have great benefits, fly around the world,fall inlove, all in their 20s. "
Instead, he says, pilots today are dealing with "the crappyeconomy, the political fights each day. Is Washington going to get attacked?That's going to create stress. "Pilots, in particular, have to deal with alot more stresses in their job because of the intense security situation,Funksays.
"It's the greatest job in the world when you get to the endof the runway," Funk says. "All the crap you have to get through to make it to therunway doesn't make it worth it to a lot of us anymore."
1. Tuesday's JetBlue incident is __________.
A) an incident of unprofessional pilot behavior
B) the major cause of a plane crash
C) an example showing that the air travel is still the safest modeof transportation by far
D) an example showing how the airline procedures protect the public
2. Why does Aaron Gellman think air travel is still the safest mode oftransportation by far?
A) There have been hardly any incident resulting from unprofessionalbehavior.
B) Cases like the JetBlue incident arer are.
C) Pilots always emphasize the safety of the public.
D) The first officer is always there to help the captain.
3. The immediate cause of the crash of Colgan Air Flight 3407is __________.
A) the captain was chitchatting with the first officer
B) thc young first officer had little experience dealing with icyconditions
C) both the captain and the first officer were quite tired after along-time journey
D) the captain Marvin Renslow's mistaken operation
4. What do captain Clayton Osbon and a co-pilot of Air Canadahave in common?
A) They are both experienced pilots.
B) They are both Christians.
C) They both had a mental problem during the flying mission.
D) They both have to take responsibility for their misdeeds.
5. According to this passage, who deliberately crashed anairplane?
A) Jesse Rhodes and Peter Cesarz.
C) Gameel A1-Batouti.
B) Dave Funk.
D) Clayton Osbon.
6. What was regarded as a watershed event?
A) A 1956 mid-air collision.
B) The JetBtue incident.
C) Two pilots trying to explore the limits of their plane.
D) An Egyptian plane crashing into the Atlantic Ocean.
7. Requiting two pilots is an important safety measurebecause __________.
A) two pilots can oversee each other during the flight
B) two pilots can take turns flying the plane
C) when one is sick, the other will be able to take his/her place
D) they help prevent deadly accidents
8. The JetBlue flight was to some extent saved by theco-pilot because he recognized
and solved the problem.
9. Years ago, people admired the pilots who worked forairlines such as__________since it seemed that they earned a lot of money,could travel around the world and fell in love early.
10.Pilots nowadays have to deal with a lot more stresses thanbefore becauseof __________.
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