2013年6月英语四级冲刺试题及答案（一）
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each is followedby some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
An industrial society, especially one as centralized andconcentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essentialservices: for instance, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, theharbors. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish,hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computerand information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate,the whole economic system is in danger.
It is this economic interdependency of the economic system whichmakes the power of trade unions (工会)such an important issue. Single trade unionshave the ability to cut off many countries' economic blood supply.
This can happen more easily in Britain than in some othercountries, in part because the labor force is highly organized. About 55percent of British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in theUnited States.
For historical reasons, Britain's unions have tended to developalong trade (行业) and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industrybasis, which makes a wages policy, democracy in industry and the improvement ofprocedures for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve.
There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade unionmovement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure.Some unions have lost many members because of their industrial changes.
Ｏthers are involved in arguments about who should represent workersin new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions,which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a sourceof bad feelings between unions. In traditional trades which are being pushedout of existence by advancing technologies,unions can fight for their members'disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union members are threatenedor destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and inBritain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on totheir traditional highly-paid jobs.
Trade unions have problems of internal communication just asmanagers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or inthose which bring workers in very different industries together into a single generalunion．Some tradeunion officials have to be re．elected regularly；others are elected，or even appointed，for life．Trade union officials have to workwith a system of“shop stewards”(工厂工人代表)in many unions，“shop stewards”being workers elected by other workers as theirrepresentatives at factory or work level．
57．Why is the trade union power crucial in Britain?
A)Because the economy is very interdependent．
B)Because the unions have been established a long time．
C)Because there are more unions in Britain than elsewhere．
D)Because there are many essential services offered by the unions．
58．Because of their out-of-date organization，someunions find it diffcult to__________．
A)bargain for high enough wages
B)get new members to join
C)learn new technologies
D)change as industries change
59．Disagreements arise between unions because some of them__________．
A)try to win over members of other unions
B)ignore agreements
C)protect their own members at the expense of others
D)take over other unions’jobs
60．Why does the author compare the trade unions with managers incompanies?
A)They are both influential in company affairs．
B)They both face problems of internal communication．
C)They both work with a system of“shop stewards”．
D)They both work efficiently.
61．The title which best expresses the idea of the text wouldbe__________．
A)British Trade Unions and Their Drawbacks
B)A Centralized and Concentrated Society
C)The Power of Trade Unions in Britain
D)The Structure of British Trade Unions
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each is followedby some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
An industrial society, especially one as centralized andconcentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essentialservices: for instance, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, theharbors. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish,hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computerand information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate,the whole economic system is in danger.
It is this economic interdependency of the economic system whichmakes the power of trade unions (工会)such an important issue. Single trade unionshave the ability to cut off many countries' economic blood supply.
This can happen more easily in Britain than in some othercountries, in part because the labor force is highly organized. About 55percent of British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in theUnited States.
For historical reasons, Britain's unions have tended to developalong trade (行业) and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industrybasis, which makes a wages policy, democracy in industry and the improvement ofprocedures for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve.
There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade unionmovement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure.Some unions have lost many members because of their industrial changes.
Ｏthers are involved in arguments about who should represent workersin new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions,which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a sourceof bad feelings between unions. In traditional trades which are being pushedout of existence by advancing technologies,unions can fight for their members'disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union members are threatenedor destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and inBritain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on totheir traditional highly-paid jobs.
Trade unions have problems of internal communication just asmanagers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or inthose which bring workers in very different industries together into a single generalunion．Some tradeunion officials have to be re．elected regularly；others are elected，or even appointed，for life．Trade union officials have to workwith a system of“shop stewards”(工厂工人代表)in many unions，“shop stewards”being workers elected by other workers as theirrepresentatives at factory or work level．
57．Why is the trade union power crucial in Britain?
A)Because the economy is very interdependent．
B)Because the unions have been established a long time．
C)Because there are more unions in Britain than elsewhere．
D)Because there are many essential services offered by the unions．
58．Because of their out-of-date organization，someunions find it diffcult to__________．
A)bargain for high enough wages
B)get new members to join
C)learn new technologies
D)change as industries change
59．Disagreements arise between unions because some of them__________．
A)try to win over members of other unions
B)ignore agreements
C)protect their own members at the expense of others
D)take over other unions’jobs
60．Why does the author compare the trade unions with managers incompanies?
A)They are both influential in company affairs．
B)They both face problems of internal communication．
C)They both work with a system of“shop stewards”．
D)They both work efficiently.
61．The title which best expresses the idea of the text wouldbe__________．
A)British Trade Unions and Their Drawbacks
B)A Centralized and Concentrated Society
C)The Power of Trade Unions in Britain
D)The Structure of British Trade Unions
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