Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it． Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs． Identify the paragraph fromwhich the in, formation is derived． You may choose a parag~aph more than once． Eachparagraph is marked with a letter． Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letAnswer Sheet 2．

　　A Mess on the Ladder of Success
　　A． Throughout American history there has almost always been at least one central economic narrativethat gave the ambitious or unsatisfied reason to pack up and seek their fortune elsewhere． For thefrst 300 or so years of European settlement, the story was about moving outward: getting immigrantsto the continent and then to the frontier to clear the prairies (大草原), drain the wetlands and buildnew cities．
　　B． By the end of the 19th century, as the frontier vanished, the U．S． had a mild panic attack． Whatwould this energetic, enterprising country, be without new lands to conquer?． Some people, such asTeddy Roosevelt, decided to keep on conquering (Cuba, the Philippines, etc．), but eventually, inindustrialization, the U．S． found a new narrative of economic mobility at home． From the 1890s to the1960s, people moved from farm to city, first in "the North and then in the South． In fact, by the1950s, there was enough prosperity and white-collar work that many began to move to the suburbs．．As the population aged, there was also a shift from the cold Rust Belt to the comforts of the SunBelt． We think of this as an old person's migration, but it created many jobs for the young inconstruction and health care, not to mention tourism, retail and restaurants．
　　C． For the last 20 years--from the end of the cold war through two burst bubbles in a single decade--the U．S． has been casting about for its next economic narrative． And now it is experiencing anotherperiod of． panic, which is bad news for much of the workfor~e but particularly for its youngestmemher
　　D． The U．S． has always been a remarkably mobile country, but new data from the Cen~sus Bureauindicate that mobility has reached its lowest level in recorded history． Sure, some people are stuck inhomes valued at less than their mortgages (抵押贷款), but many young people--who don't own homesand don't yet have families--are staying put, too． This suggests, among other things, that peoplearen't packing up for new economic opportunities the way they used to． Rather than dividing thecountry into the 1 percenters versus (与．．．．．相对) everyone else, the split in our economy is reallybetween two other, classes: the mobile and immobile．
　　E． Part of the problem is that the country's largest industries are in decline． In the past, it was perfectlyclear where young people should go for work (Chicago in the 1870s, Detroit in the 1910s, Houston inthe 1970s) and, more or less, what they'd be doing when they got there (killing cattle, building cars,selling oil)． And these industries were large enougl~ to offer jobs to each class of worker, from un-skilled laborer to manager or engineer． Today, the few bright spots in our economy are relativelysmall (though some promise future growth) and decentralized． There are great jobs in Silicon Valley,in the biotech research capitals of Boston and Raleigh-Durham and in advanced manufacturing plantsalong the southern 1-85 corridor． These companies recruit all over the country and the globe forworkers with specific abilities． (You don't need to be the next Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook,to get a job in one of the microhubs (微中心), by the way． But you will almost certainly need atleast a B．A． in computer science or a year or two at a technical school．) This newer, select job mar-ket is national, and it offers members of the mobile class competitive salaries and higher bargainingpower．
　　F． Many members of the immobile class, on the other hand, live in the America of the gloomyheadlines． If you have no specialized skills, there's little reason to uproot to another state and be thelast in line for a low-paying job at a new auto plant or a green-energy startup． The surprise in thecensus (普查) data, however, is that the immobile workforce is not limited to unskilled workers． Infact, many have a college degree．
　　G． Until now, a B．A． in any subject was a near-guarantee of at least middle-class wages． But today, aquarter of college graduates make less than the typical worker without a bachelor's degree． DavidAutor, a prominent labor economist at M．I．T．, recently told me that a college degree alone is nolonger a guarantor of a good job． While graduates from top universities are still likely to get a goodjob no matter what their major is, he said, graduates from less-famous schools are going to bejudged on what they know． To compete for jobs on a national level, they should be armed with theskills that emerging industries need, whether technical or not．
　　H． Those without such specialized skills--like poetry, or even history, majors--are already competingwith their neighbors for the same sorts of second-rate,poorer-paying local jobs like low-levelmanagement or big-box retail sales． And with the low-skilied labor market atomized into thousands ofmicroeconomies, immobile workers are less able to demand better wages or conditions or to acquirevaluable skills．
　　I． So what, exactly, should the ambitious young worker of today be learning? Unfortunately, it's hard tosay, since the U．S． doesn't have one clear national project． There are plenty of emerging, smaller in-dustries, but which ones are the most promising? (Nanotechnology's (纳米技术) moment of remarkablegrowth seems to have been 5 years into the future for something like 20 years now．) It's not clearexactly what skills are most needed or if they will even be valuable in a decade．
　　J． What is clear is that all sorts of govenunent issues--education, health-insurance portability, workerretraining--are no longer just bonuses to already prosperous lives but existential requirements． It's inall． of our interests to make sure that as many people as possible are able to move toward opportu-nity, and America's ability to invest people and money in excithag new ideas is still greater than that
of most other wealthy countries． (As recently as five years-ago, U．S． migration was twice the rate ofEuropean Union states．) That, at least, is some comfort at a time when our national economy seemsto be searching for its next story line．

47、Unlike in the past, a college degree alone does not guarantee a good job for its holder．
48、 The census data is surprising in that college graduates are also among the
49、 New figures released by the government show that Americans today are less m．obile than ever before．
50、 The migration of old people from cold to warm places made many jobs available to the young．
51、 America is better at innovation than most other rich nations．
52、  Early American history is one of moving outward．
53、 Young people don't know what to learn because it is hard to predict what skills are most needed or valued ten years from now．
54、 Computer or other technical skills are needed to get a well-paying job in high-tech or advanced manufacturing．
55、  When the frontier vanished about a century ago, America found n~w economic mobility in industri- alization．
56、  America today can be divided into two classes: those who move and those who don't．

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