2014年英语四级考试每日一练(11月19日)
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单项选择题
1、根据下列材料，请回答题：
questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
What makes a group intelligent? You might think a group's IQ would t esimply the aveiage intelligence of the group's members, or perhaps the intelligence of the team's smartest participant, But researchers who study groups have found that this isn't so.
Rather, a group's intelligence emerges the interactions that go on Within the group. A teams intelligence can be measured, and like an individual's IQ scere, it can accurately predict the team's performance on a Wide variety of tasks. And just as an individual's intelligence is expandable, a group's intelligence can alsobe increased. Here are five suggestions on how to guide the developttment of smart teams:
Chose team members carefully, The smartest groups are composed of people who are good at reading one another's social cues, according to a study led by Carnegie Mellon University professor Anita Williams Woolley and published in the journal Science.
Talk about the “how”. Many members of teams don't like to spend time talking about “process”, preferring to get right down to work--but Woolley notes that groups who take the time to discuss how they Will Work together aice ultimately more efficient and effective.
share the floor: In the most intelligent teams, found Woolley, members take turns speaking Participants who dominate the discussion or who hang back and don't say much bring down, the
What do we learn about a group's IQ?
A．It equals the total intelligence of the group members.
B．It determines the interactions among the group members.
C．It can help measure an individual's IQ score in the group.
D．It can help predict the group's performance on various tasks.
2、Questions are based on the following paassage.
Virtually unknown a decade ago, big online teacher education program snow dwarf their traditional competitors, outstripping (超过) even the largeststate university teachers' colleges.
A USA Today analysis of newly released U. S. Department of Education data finds that four big universities, operating mostly online, have quickly become the largest education schools in the USA. Last year the four--three of which are for-profit--awarded one in 16 bachelor' sdegrees and post-graduate awards and nearly one in 11 advanced education awards, including master' sdegrees and doctorates.
A decade ago, in 2001, the for-profit University of Phoenix awarded 72 education degrees to teachers, administrators and other school personnel through its online program, according to federal data. Last year, it awarded nearly 6,000 degrees, more than any other university.
Traditional colleges still produce most of the bachelor's degrees in teaching. But online schools such as Phoenix and Walden University awarded thousands more master's degrees than even the top traditional schools, all of which are pushing to offer online coursework.
"We shouldn't be surprised because the whole industry is moving in that direction," said Robert Pianta, dean of the University of Virginia's Curry School of Education. "The thing I would be interested in knowing is the degree to which they are simply pushing these things out in order to generate dollars or whether there's some real innovation in there. "
For-profit universities have been the subject of intense examining in Congress. Tom Harkin, D-Iowa, who chairs the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee, last week released findings from a two-year investigation showing that they cost more than comparable not-for-profit schools and have higher dropout rates. For-profits, the investigation found, enroll about 10% of U. S. college students butaccount for nearly 50% of student loan defaults.
Online education schools, many of which have open-enrollment policies similar to community colleges, say their offerings are high quality.
Meredith Curley, dean of the University of Phoenix College of Education, said many students are returning to complete their education after starting families and changing careers. Their average age is 33, she said, and many work while they attend classes. Becky Lodewyck, Phoenix's associate dean, said teaching candidates must complete at least 100 hours of field experience. She said online classes are "incredibly dynamic" and have the potential to hold students more accountable than face-to-face classes.
"You can't hide," she said. "Everyone participates--everyone has to be fully engaged in the work. "
It can be learned from the second paragraph that four big universities______.
A．have become the largest online schools in the US
B．are the biggest for-profit schools in the US
C．occupy important position in education in the US
D．focus on developing advanced education in the US
3、 根据以下资料，回答题：
Quesaons 61 to 65 are based on thefollowingpassage．
In 2005，the medical examiner in Wichita，Kansas，noticed a cluster of deaths that were unusually similar in nature：in three years，sixteen men and women，between the ages of twenty-two and fifty-two，had died in their sleep．In the hours before they lost consciousness，they had been sluggish and dopey,struggling to stay awake．A few had complained of chest pain．“I can’t catch my breath，”one kept saying．
All of them had taken painkillers prescribed by a family practice called the Schneider Medical Clinic．
The clinic was in Haysville．a working．class suburb of Wichita．The main industries in the area were aircraft and plastics，neither of which was doing well．A mile south of the clinic，there was little except wheat fields．The chief doctor was Stephen Schneider,a fifty-one-year-old osteopath(整骨师)with sandy hair and dimples．He treated the county commissioner and the chief of police，gave physicals to the boys at the Haysville high school，and did rounds at local nursing homes．One of his patients，Jeffrey Peters，told me that Schneider reminded him of the“kind of family doctor we had forty years ago．when l was growing up—a doctor who will sit down and listen to you and ioke around and make you feel comfortable．”
On September 13，2005，Schneider arrived at work to find the clinic cordoned(包围隔离)off with police tape．He called his wife，Linda Atterbury,a blond，peppy forty-seven-year-old nurse，who was at home with their two young daughters，and told her to come to work．Agents from the Kansas Bureau of Investigation and the Drug Enforcement Administration led Schneider into one of the clinic’s fourteen exam rooms and asked him why he had been prescribing so many opioid(鸦片类)painkillers．He responded that sixty per cent of his patients suffered from chronic pain，and few other physicians in the area would treat them．The agents wrote．“He tries to believe his patients whenthey describe their health problems and he will believe them until they prove themselves wrong．”When asked how many of his patients had died,Schneider said that he didn’t know…
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
What’s the similar nature of the 16 people’s death?
A．They were examined by the same medical examiner．
B．They were treated by the same docton
C．Thev all died in their sleep．
D．Their ages are roughly the same．
4、Questionsare based onthe following passage.
Friendship is one of the basic bondsbetween human beings. While the characteristics of friendshipmight vary fromone country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends butneed them.Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends oftensuffer from psychologicaldisorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhapsmore than any other age group, need companionshipand a sense of belonging. Thenegative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among theelderly.The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft. If,however, they aresurrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able toarticulate their feelings, they are more likelyto recover from their grief.
"No man is an island." In otherwords, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration,respectand moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends willprovide us with all ofthese necessary aspects of life.
As most people observe, there are manylevels of friendship. The degree or intensity of friendshipvaries depending onthe personality of the individuals involved and the context of therelationships.Extroverts enjoy being surrounded by many people whereasintroverts are perhaps content with fewerbut more intense friendships.
Everyone is not equally open with alltheir friends. The degree of intimacy is determined bymany factors. Closefriends can be formed at any stage in one's life but they are usually veryrare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends.Irrespective of the level of intimacy, allfriendships are based on reciprocity,honesty and a certain amount of love and affection.
The second paragraphimplies that________
A．teenagers without friendswill suffer from psychological problems
B．a widow or a widower willdie very soon without companionship
C．human beings needcompanionship and a sense of belonging
D．some people need friendship
填空题
5、Questions are based on the following passage.
Britain is not just one country and one people; even if some of its inhabitants think so. Britain is, infact, a nation which can be divided into several (36) __ parts, each part being an individual countrywith its own language, character and cultural (37) __. Thus Scotland, Northern Ireland and Walesdo not claim to (38) __ to "England" because their inhabitants are not (39) __ "English".They are Scottish, Irish or Welsh and many of them prefer to speak their own native tongue, which inturn is (40) ___ to the others.
These cultural minorities (少数名族) have been Britain's original inhabitants. In varying degreesthey have managed to (41) __ their national characteristics, and their particular customs and wayof life. This is probably even more ture of the (42)___areas where traditional life has not been soaffected by the (43) __ of industrialism as the border areas have been. The Celtic races are saidto be more emotional by nature than the English. An Irish temper is legendary. The Scots would rather(44) __ about their reputation for excessive thrift and prefer to be remembered for their folk songsand dances, while the Welsh are famous for their singing. The Celtic (45) __ as a whole produceshumorous writers and artists, such as the Irish Bernard Shaw, the Scottish Robert Bums, and the WelshDylan Thomas, to mention but a few.
A)incomprehensible
B)temper
C) remote
D) separate
E) understandable
F) forget
G) generally
H) temperament
I) preserve
J) strictly
K) traditions
L) reserve
M) growth
N) apply
O) belong
第(36)题________
简答题
6、大熊猫是世界上珍贵的动物之一，主要栖息在中国的四川、甘肃和陕西的山区。数量十分稀少，被称为中国的“国宝”。大熊猫是一种哺乳动物，毛色黑白相间，体型肥胖。竹子是大熊猫爱吃的食物，约占食物总量的99％。由于大熊猫对生活环境要求苛刻，食物种类单一，且生育率十分低下。现存大熊猫只有1000只左右。中国政府现已采取多项措施来保护这一濒危动物(endangered spec i es)。
7、纳米技术(nanotechnoIogy)是近年来出现的一门高新技术。将纳米技术生产的纳米材料加入到普通的金属、塑料中，会呈现许多普通材料无法比拟的特性。纳米是一种度量单位，一纳米等于百万分之一毫米。纳米技术使人们认识、改造微观世界的水平提到了一个新的高度。世界许多国家的科学家不约而同地断言：纳米技术将推进人类科学技术步入一个新的时代——纳米科技时代(the era of nanotechno| ogy)。
8、在中国历史文明中，庆祝春节的习俗很多，至今在民间保存广的习俗之一则是贴春联(Spr i ng Fest j va | coup | ets)。春联以工整、对偶、简洁、精巧的文字描绘时代背景，抒发美好愿望，是我国特有的文学形式。每逢春节，无论城市还是农村，家家户户都要精选一幅大红春联贴于门上，为节日增加喜庆气氛。这一习俗起于宋代，在明代开始盛行，到了清代，春联的思想性和艺术性都有了很大的提高。
9、杭州位于中国东南沿海，是中国的“丝绸之府”(the Home of S i I k)。意大利著名旅行家马可-波罗赞叹杭州为“世界上美丽的华贵之城”。西湖位于杭州西部，以秀丽的湖光山色和众多的名胜古迹闻名中外。它是为数不多的免费5A景区。春夏秋冬都有其独特的魅力。饭后漫步西湖，看一看音乐喷泉，听一听街头弹奏，是一件惬意的事情。
10、
1、根据下列材料，请回答题：
questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
What makes a group intelligent? You might think a group's IQ would t esimply the aveiage intelligence of the group's members, or perhaps the intelligence of the team's smartest participant, But researchers who study groups have found that this isn't so.
Rather, a group's intelligence emerges the interactions that go on Within the group. A teams intelligence can be measured, and like an individual's IQ scere, it can accurately predict the team's performance on a Wide variety of tasks. And just as an individual's intelligence is expandable, a group's intelligence can alsobe increased. Here are five suggestions on how to guide the developttment of smart teams:
Chose team members carefully, The smartest groups are composed of people who are good at reading one another's social cues, according to a study led by Carnegie Mellon University professor Anita Williams Woolley and published in the journal Science.
Talk about the “how”. Many members of teams don't like to spend time talking about “process”, preferring to get right down to work--but Woolley notes that groups who take the time to discuss how they Will Work together aice ultimately more efficient and effective.
share the floor: In the most intelligent teams, found Woolley, members take turns speaking Participants who dominate the discussion or who hang back and don't say much bring down, the
What do we learn about a group's IQ?
A．It equals the total intelligence of the group members.
B．It determines the interactions among the group members.
C．It can help measure an individual's IQ score in the group.
D．It can help predict the group's performance on various tasks.
2、Questions are based on the following paassage.
Virtually unknown a decade ago, big online teacher education program snow dwarf their traditional competitors, outstripping (超过) even the largeststate university teachers' colleges.
A USA Today analysis of newly released U. S. Department of Education data finds that four big universities, operating mostly online, have quickly become the largest education schools in the USA. Last year the four--three of which are for-profit--awarded one in 16 bachelor' sdegrees and post-graduate awards and nearly one in 11 advanced education awards, including master' sdegrees and doctorates.
A decade ago, in 2001, the for-profit University of Phoenix awarded 72 education degrees to teachers, administrators and other school personnel through its online program, according to federal data. Last year, it awarded nearly 6,000 degrees, more than any other university.
Traditional colleges still produce most of the bachelor's degrees in teaching. But online schools such as Phoenix and Walden University awarded thousands more master's degrees than even the top traditional schools, all of which are pushing to offer online coursework.
"We shouldn't be surprised because the whole industry is moving in that direction," said Robert Pianta, dean of the University of Virginia's Curry School of Education. "The thing I would be interested in knowing is the degree to which they are simply pushing these things out in order to generate dollars or whether there's some real innovation in there. "
For-profit universities have been the subject of intense examining in Congress. Tom Harkin, D-Iowa, who chairs the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee, last week released findings from a two-year investigation showing that they cost more than comparable not-for-profit schools and have higher dropout rates. For-profits, the investigation found, enroll about 10% of U. S. college students butaccount for nearly 50% of student loan defaults.
Online education schools, many of which have open-enrollment policies similar to community colleges, say their offerings are high quality.
Meredith Curley, dean of the University of Phoenix College of Education, said many students are returning to complete their education after starting families and changing careers. Their average age is 33, she said, and many work while they attend classes. Becky Lodewyck, Phoenix's associate dean, said teaching candidates must complete at least 100 hours of field experience. She said online classes are "incredibly dynamic" and have the potential to hold students more accountable than face-to-face classes.
"You can't hide," she said. "Everyone participates--everyone has to be fully engaged in the work. "
It can be learned from the second paragraph that four big universities______.
A．have become the largest online schools in the US
B．are the biggest for-profit schools in the US
C．occupy important position in education in the US
D．focus on developing advanced education in the US
3、 根据以下资料，回答题：
Quesaons 61 to 65 are based on thefollowingpassage．
In 2005，the medical examiner in Wichita，Kansas，noticed a cluster of deaths that were unusually similar in nature：in three years，sixteen men and women，between the ages of twenty-two and fifty-two，had died in their sleep．In the hours before they lost consciousness，they had been sluggish and dopey,struggling to stay awake．A few had complained of chest pain．“I can’t catch my breath，”one kept saying．
All of them had taken painkillers prescribed by a family practice called the Schneider Medical Clinic．
The clinic was in Haysville．a working．class suburb of Wichita．The main industries in the area were aircraft and plastics，neither of which was doing well．A mile south of the clinic，there was little except wheat fields．The chief doctor was Stephen Schneider,a fifty-one-year-old osteopath(整骨师)with sandy hair and dimples．He treated the county commissioner and the chief of police，gave physicals to the boys at the Haysville high school，and did rounds at local nursing homes．One of his patients，Jeffrey Peters，told me that Schneider reminded him of the“kind of family doctor we had forty years ago．when l was growing up—a doctor who will sit down and listen to you and ioke around and make you feel comfortable．”
On September 13，2005，Schneider arrived at work to find the clinic cordoned(包围隔离)off with police tape．He called his wife，Linda Atterbury,a blond，peppy forty-seven-year-old nurse，who was at home with their two young daughters，and told her to come to work．Agents from the Kansas Bureau of Investigation and the Drug Enforcement Administration led Schneider into one of the clinic’s fourteen exam rooms and asked him why he had been prescribing so many opioid(鸦片类)painkillers．He responded that sixty per cent of his patients suffered from chronic pain，and few other physicians in the area would treat them．The agents wrote．“He tries to believe his patients whenthey describe their health problems and he will believe them until they prove themselves wrong．”When asked how many of his patients had died,Schneider said that he didn’t know…
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
What’s the similar nature of the 16 people’s death?
A．They were examined by the same medical examiner．
B．They were treated by the same docton
C．Thev all died in their sleep．
D．Their ages are roughly the same．
4、Questionsare based onthe following passage.
Friendship is one of the basic bondsbetween human beings. While the characteristics of friendshipmight vary fromone country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends butneed them.Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends oftensuffer from psychologicaldisorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhapsmore than any other age group, need companionshipand a sense of belonging. Thenegative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among theelderly.The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft. If,however, they aresurrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able toarticulate their feelings, they are more likelyto recover from their grief.
"No man is an island." In otherwords, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration,respectand moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends willprovide us with all ofthese necessary aspects of life.
As most people observe, there are manylevels of friendship. The degree or intensity of friendshipvaries depending onthe personality of the individuals involved and the context of therelationships.Extroverts enjoy being surrounded by many people whereasintroverts are perhaps content with fewerbut more intense friendships.
Everyone is not equally open with alltheir friends. The degree of intimacy is determined bymany factors. Closefriends can be formed at any stage in one's life but they are usually veryrare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends.Irrespective of the level of intimacy, allfriendships are based on reciprocity,honesty and a certain amount of love and affection.
The second paragraphimplies that________
A．teenagers without friendswill suffer from psychological problems
B．a widow or a widower willdie very soon without companionship
C．human beings needcompanionship and a sense of belonging
D．some people need friendship
填空题
5、Questions are based on the following passage.
Britain is not just one country and one people; even if some of its inhabitants think so. Britain is, infact, a nation which can be divided into several (36) __ parts, each part being an individual countrywith its own language, character and cultural (37) __. Thus Scotland, Northern Ireland and Walesdo not claim to (38) __ to "England" because their inhabitants are not (39) __ "English".They are Scottish, Irish or Welsh and many of them prefer to speak their own native tongue, which inturn is (40) ___ to the others.
These cultural minorities (少数名族) have been Britain's original inhabitants. In varying degreesthey have managed to (41) __ their national characteristics, and their particular customs and wayof life. This is probably even more ture of the (42)___areas where traditional life has not been soaffected by the (43) __ of industrialism as the border areas have been. The Celtic races are saidto be more emotional by nature than the English. An Irish temper is legendary. The Scots would rather(44) __ about their reputation for excessive thrift and prefer to be remembered for their folk songsand dances, while the Welsh are famous for their singing. The Celtic (45) __ as a whole produceshumorous writers and artists, such as the Irish Bernard Shaw, the Scottish Robert Bums, and the WelshDylan Thomas, to mention but a few.
A)incomprehensible
B)temper
C) remote
D) separate
E) understandable
F) forget
G) generally
H) temperament
I) preserve
J) strictly
K) traditions
L) reserve
M) growth
N) apply
O) belong
第(36)题________
简答题
6、大熊猫是世界上珍贵的动物之一，主要栖息在中国的四川、甘肃和陕西的山区。数量十分稀少，被称为中国的“国宝”。大熊猫是一种哺乳动物，毛色黑白相间，体型肥胖。竹子是大熊猫爱吃的食物，约占食物总量的99％。由于大熊猫对生活环境要求苛刻，食物种类单一，且生育率十分低下。现存大熊猫只有1000只左右。中国政府现已采取多项措施来保护这一濒危动物(endangered spec i es)。
7、纳米技术(nanotechnoIogy)是近年来出现的一门高新技术。将纳米技术生产的纳米材料加入到普通的金属、塑料中，会呈现许多普通材料无法比拟的特性。纳米是一种度量单位，一纳米等于百万分之一毫米。纳米技术使人们认识、改造微观世界的水平提到了一个新的高度。世界许多国家的科学家不约而同地断言：纳米技术将推进人类科学技术步入一个新的时代——纳米科技时代(the era of nanotechno| ogy)。
8、在中国历史文明中，庆祝春节的习俗很多，至今在民间保存广的习俗之一则是贴春联(Spr i ng Fest j va | coup | ets)。春联以工整、对偶、简洁、精巧的文字描绘时代背景，抒发美好愿望，是我国特有的文学形式。每逢春节，无论城市还是农村，家家户户都要精选一幅大红春联贴于门上，为节日增加喜庆气氛。这一习俗起于宋代，在明代开始盛行，到了清代，春联的思想性和艺术性都有了很大的提高。
9、杭州位于中国东南沿海，是中国的“丝绸之府”(the Home of S i I k)。意大利著名旅行家马可-波罗赞叹杭州为“世界上美丽的华贵之城”。西湖位于杭州西部，以秀丽的湖光山色和众多的名胜古迹闻名中外。它是为数不多的免费5A景区。春夏秋冬都有其独特的魅力。饭后漫步西湖，看一看音乐喷泉，听一听街头弹奏，是一件惬意的事情。
10、
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