2014年英语四级考试每日一练(11月25日)
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单项选择题
1、根据下列材料，请回答题：
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
When it comes to video games and apps, what's a parent to do? On the one hand, we're told about the harm of letting kids play with computer games and gadgets (小器具). On the other, we're attracted by games and apps marketedtd us as "educational".
It's a tricky line to follow. Kids' apps range from "baking" cupcakes to crushing war demons (恶魔)Most of them have some educational aspect--at the very least kids learn what ingredients are used in cupcake baking, and the physics of launching Angry Birds at just the right angle to kill the piggies. That's learning, isn't it?
There lie the vague boundaries. Not all games are educational, and not all are shallow forms of entertainment. In fact, most have some elements of both. The trick is to figure out what we want kids to learn and to experience. To collect them all into one category is to miss out on a huge treasure trove (宝库)of learning opportunities. Real learnh apps have a set of criteria that qualifies them as educational, sorather than writing them all off as a waste of time, parents can figure out what their kids are exposed to."We don't ever want to separate engagement from the purposes of learning," said Daniel Edelson, Executive Director and Vice President of Educa on and Children's Programs at the National Geographic Society at a cyber-learning conference last week. "When you're engaged with activities that have learning goals, you can connect the dots between engagement and learning. If you use engagement in its broadest possible sense when people are paying attention because of bright lights and activity, then you don't find that connection. "
So should parents feel guilty allowing their kids to play games on mobile devices?
"No," says Dr. Michael Levine of the Joan Ganz Cooney Center, which recently released a study called Learning : Is There an App For That. "Kids see their parents using mobile phones all the time. It's only natural for them to want to use them too. And from the data in our study it looks like, many parents are letting their children use them responsibly--with restrictions and in moderation. "
What can be inferred from the first paragraph?
A．Parents feel confused when choosing video games and apps for children.
B．Parents should prevent children from playing video games and apps.
C．Parents are told about the harm of different computer games and gadgets.
D．Parents are suggested to expose children to educational gantes and apps.
2、Questionsare based on the following passage.
In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.
Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and fighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.
A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they'd eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them in other words, how much they remembered eating..
This disparity (差异) suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal. says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the Univerity of Bristol.
"Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an
independent role for memory for that meal,'" Brunstrom says. "This shows that the relation_ship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought. ""
These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body's response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie(卡路里) milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones (荷尔蒙), depending on whether the shake's label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.
What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less. the new fmdings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.
The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractious and help us control our appetite,
Brunstrom says.
What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake?
A．How we perceive the food we eat.
B．what ingredients the food contains.
C．When we eat our meals.
D．How fast we eat our meals.
3、回答题：
Once we become comfortable with optimising the physical and digital resources around us, we will start rearranging our mental architecture.
4、 根据以下资料，回答题：
Questions 61 to 65 are based on thefollowingpassage．
Milleunials(千禧一代)have a reputation for being pretty savvy(聪慧的)with technology and social media——not to mention their finances----一but today’s young adults are clueless when it comes to knowledge of their credit．
A new study conducted by the Consumer Federation of America and VantageScore Solutions finds that 18-34 year-olds lag behind older Americans on credit knowledge．Not that older generations are whiz kids when it comes to credit——just over 40％of consumers surveyed even know what their credit score measures，for instance—but millennials have the dubious distinction(区别)of being even less-informed than other age groups．
Only around half of milleunials have ever even bothered to order a free copy of their credit report，as compared to about three．quarters of older people surveyed．
They’re more likely to think age plays a role in credit scoring，that the government keeps track of consumer credit data and that credit repair services can legitimately fix your credit(by and large，they Can’t)．And while most of them know that a lot of credit card debt，declaring bankruptcy and missing payments can affect their credit，only 6％got everything fight when they picked from a list of factors that could potentially impact their score．
Young adults have a pretty poor grasp on how far-reaching this impact is：Only 1 8 percent knew that utility companies，cell phone carders，mortgage lenders and home insurers，landlords and credit card companies can all use a consumer’s credit when doing business with them．
They’re also unaware of the financial consequences of bad credit．just 1 5％knew that a bad credit score could cost more than$5，000 in higher interest payments over the life of a car loan．
One factor that seems to make a difference in how much credit knowledge people have is whether or not．mey’ve actually goRen their free credit report(if you’re one of the many who haven’t，you can do so at annualcreditreport．corn)．Interestingly,
people who got their credit reports knew more than those who had just gotten their credit scores．
“Those who are interested in their credit reports are probably also interested in their credit scores．”CFA executive director Stephen Brobeck says in a statement．“It’s so easy to go online and get your free reports that this action likely motivates people to learn more about credit scores．”
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。．
What does the word“whiz kids”mean(Line 3．Para．2)?
A．Children who are very naughty．
B．Children who are a little dull．
C．Children who are extraordinarily smart．
D．Children who quite sensitive．
5、 回答题
They say that sticks and stones may break your bones，but words will never hurt you．Yet childhood bullying really can damage your long-term health．
Gone are the days when bullying was considered an inevitable and ultimately harmless part of growing up—iust last month we learned that childhood bullying can lead to poorer mental health even into middle age．
Now William Copeland at Duke University in Durham，North Carolina，and his colleagues have shown that it can have lingering physiological effects too．They tracked 1420 9-year-olds right through their teens．Each child was seen up to nine times during the study and quizzed about bullying．The team then measured levels of C-reactive protein in their blood．CRP is a marker of inflammation(炎症)linked to higher risk of cardiovascular disease (心血管疾病)and problems like diabetes．
“Because we were collecting biological samples throughout，we were able to look at CRP levels in subjects prior to their bullying involvement．”says Copeland．“This really gives us an idea of the changes bullying brings about．”
Although CRP levels naturally rise in everyone during adolescence，levels were highest in children who reported being tormented by bullies．Even at the ages of 1 9 and 2 1，children who had once been bullied had CRP levels about 1．4 times higher than peers who were neither perpetrators nor victims．In a cruel twist，the bullies had the lowest levels of all．suggesting they didn’t suffer the same health risks． They may even see a benefit from their behavior,though Copeland stresses it doesn’t vindicate(辩护)their actions．“The goal would instead be to find other ways to produce this protective effect without it being at someone else’s expense，”he says．
Andrea Danese at King’s College London has previously shown that maltreatment during childhood can lead to higll levels of inflammation in adult life．“This new study is a helpful addition in showing that these effects extend to another important childhood stressor,”he says．He suggests that care workers could monitor levels of CRP in children having psychotherapy to see if it is helping to soothe the stress of being bullied．
What do you know about CRP?
A．It is a symbol of the inflammation．
B．It is a symbol of cardiovascular．
C．It relates directly to diabetes．
D．It is a symbol of physiological effects caused by bullying．
6、Questions are based on the following passage.
Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on asmaller scale, faces practically every company, trying to develop new products and create new jobs.There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know, andwhile banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend themmoney, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. This they do by issuingstocks and shares in the business through the Stock Exchange. By doing so, they can put into circulationthe savings of individual and institutions, both at home and overseas.
When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seekingto invest his money.
Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Governmentor by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could notfunction. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The Government, localauthorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they too, come to the Stock Exchange.
There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one wayor another, this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stocky Exchange exists top rovide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.
Almost all companies trying to develop new products and creating new jobs have to
A．persuade the banks to provide long-term finance
B．rely on their own financial resources
C．borrow large sums of money from friends and relatives
D．depend on the population as a whole for finance
简答题
7、老龄化对国家财政的影响众所周知——节节高攀的医疗保险和养老金(pension)支出。然而，老龄化的影响远不止于此。在老龄化社会里，劳动力市场、储蓄方式以及人口流动都会发生变化。令人担忧的是，劳动力短缺，劳动力市场不稳定，生产力下降等问题都会对发展造成严熏威胁。由二于二中囝平均收人水平仍然停留在低收入阶段，这使得中国人口老龄化问题尤其复杂。
8、我国是茶叶的原产地，茶叶产量堪称世界之。饮茶在我国，不仅是一种生活习惯，更是一种源远流长的文化传统。中国人习惯以茶待客，并形成了相应的饮茶礼仪。按照我国传统文化的习俗，无论在任何场合，敬茶与饮茶的礼仪(the et i quette to offer tea and dr i nk tea)都是不可忽视的一环。以茶待客时。一般应当事先将茶沏好，装入茶杯，然后放在茶盘之内端入客厅。如果客人较多，务必要多备上几杯茶，以防供不应求。
9、外国媒体评选出十大爱喝酒的国家，英国排在位。而中国则排在第二位。不可否认，全世界都有酒的文化。在各种社交中，饮酒往往是常见的一种方式。酒的种类有很多。白酒在我国有着非常久远的文化，也是现代人聚会餐桌上不可缺少的东西。适当的喝酒对身体有好处，但饮酒过量甚至酗酒，对身体也会造成极大的伤害。
10、 Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
1、根据下列材料，请回答题：
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
When it comes to video games and apps, what's a parent to do? On the one hand, we're told about the harm of letting kids play with computer games and gadgets (小器具). On the other, we're attracted by games and apps marketedtd us as "educational".
It's a tricky line to follow. Kids' apps range from "baking" cupcakes to crushing war demons (恶魔)Most of them have some educational aspect--at the very least kids learn what ingredients are used in cupcake baking, and the physics of launching Angry Birds at just the right angle to kill the piggies. That's learning, isn't it?
There lie the vague boundaries. Not all games are educational, and not all are shallow forms of entertainment. In fact, most have some elements of both. The trick is to figure out what we want kids to learn and to experience. To collect them all into one category is to miss out on a huge treasure trove (宝库)of learning opportunities. Real learnh apps have a set of criteria that qualifies them as educational, sorather than writing them all off as a waste of time, parents can figure out what their kids are exposed to."We don't ever want to separate engagement from the purposes of learning," said Daniel Edelson, Executive Director and Vice President of Educa on and Children's Programs at the National Geographic Society at a cyber-learning conference last week. "When you're engaged with activities that have learning goals, you can connect the dots between engagement and learning. If you use engagement in its broadest possible sense when people are paying attention because of bright lights and activity, then you don't find that connection. "
So should parents feel guilty allowing their kids to play games on mobile devices?
"No," says Dr. Michael Levine of the Joan Ganz Cooney Center, which recently released a study called Learning : Is There an App For That. "Kids see their parents using mobile phones all the time. It's only natural for them to want to use them too. And from the data in our study it looks like, many parents are letting their children use them responsibly--with restrictions and in moderation. "
What can be inferred from the first paragraph?
A．Parents feel confused when choosing video games and apps for children.
B．Parents should prevent children from playing video games and apps.
C．Parents are told about the harm of different computer games and gadgets.
D．Parents are suggested to expose children to educational gantes and apps.
2、Questionsare based on the following passage.
In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.
Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and fighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.
A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they'd eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them in other words, how much they remembered eating..
This disparity (差异) suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal. says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the Univerity of Bristol.
"Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an
independent role for memory for that meal,'" Brunstrom says. "This shows that the relation_ship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought. ""
These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body's response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie(卡路里) milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones (荷尔蒙), depending on whether the shake's label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.
What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less. the new fmdings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.
The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractious and help us control our appetite,
Brunstrom says.
What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake?
A．How we perceive the food we eat.
B．what ingredients the food contains.
C．When we eat our meals.
D．How fast we eat our meals.
3、回答题：
Once we become comfortable with optimising the physical and digital resources around us, we will start rearranging our mental architecture.
4、 根据以下资料，回答题：
Questions 61 to 65 are based on thefollowingpassage．
Milleunials(千禧一代)have a reputation for being pretty savvy(聪慧的)with technology and social media——not to mention their finances----一but today’s young adults are clueless when it comes to knowledge of their credit．
A new study conducted by the Consumer Federation of America and VantageScore Solutions finds that 18-34 year-olds lag behind older Americans on credit knowledge．Not that older generations are whiz kids when it comes to credit——just over 40％of consumers surveyed even know what their credit score measures，for instance—but millennials have the dubious distinction(区别)of being even less-informed than other age groups．
Only around half of milleunials have ever even bothered to order a free copy of their credit report，as compared to about three．quarters of older people surveyed．
They’re more likely to think age plays a role in credit scoring，that the government keeps track of consumer credit data and that credit repair services can legitimately fix your credit(by and large，they Can’t)．And while most of them know that a lot of credit card debt，declaring bankruptcy and missing payments can affect their credit，only 6％got everything fight when they picked from a list of factors that could potentially impact their score．
Young adults have a pretty poor grasp on how far-reaching this impact is：Only 1 8 percent knew that utility companies，cell phone carders，mortgage lenders and home insurers，landlords and credit card companies can all use a consumer’s credit when doing business with them．
They’re also unaware of the financial consequences of bad credit．just 1 5％knew that a bad credit score could cost more than$5，000 in higher interest payments over the life of a car loan．
One factor that seems to make a difference in how much credit knowledge people have is whether or not．mey’ve actually goRen their free credit report(if you’re one of the many who haven’t，you can do so at annualcreditreport．corn)．Interestingly,
people who got their credit reports knew more than those who had just gotten their credit scores．
“Those who are interested in their credit reports are probably also interested in their credit scores．”CFA executive director Stephen Brobeck says in a statement．“It’s so easy to go online and get your free reports that this action likely motivates people to learn more about credit scores．”
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。．
What does the word“whiz kids”mean(Line 3．Para．2)?
A．Children who are very naughty．
B．Children who are a little dull．
C．Children who are extraordinarily smart．
D．Children who quite sensitive．
5、 回答题
They say that sticks and stones may break your bones，but words will never hurt you．Yet childhood bullying really can damage your long-term health．
Gone are the days when bullying was considered an inevitable and ultimately harmless part of growing up—iust last month we learned that childhood bullying can lead to poorer mental health even into middle age．
Now William Copeland at Duke University in Durham，North Carolina，and his colleagues have shown that it can have lingering physiological effects too．They tracked 1420 9-year-olds right through their teens．Each child was seen up to nine times during the study and quizzed about bullying．The team then measured levels of C-reactive protein in their blood．CRP is a marker of inflammation(炎症)linked to higher risk of cardiovascular disease (心血管疾病)and problems like diabetes．
“Because we were collecting biological samples throughout，we were able to look at CRP levels in subjects prior to their bullying involvement．”says Copeland．“This really gives us an idea of the changes bullying brings about．”
Although CRP levels naturally rise in everyone during adolescence，levels were highest in children who reported being tormented by bullies．Even at the ages of 1 9 and 2 1，children who had once been bullied had CRP levels about 1．4 times higher than peers who were neither perpetrators nor victims．In a cruel twist，the bullies had the lowest levels of all．suggesting they didn’t suffer the same health risks． They may even see a benefit from their behavior,though Copeland stresses it doesn’t vindicate(辩护)their actions．“The goal would instead be to find other ways to produce this protective effect without it being at someone else’s expense，”he says．
Andrea Danese at King’s College London has previously shown that maltreatment during childhood can lead to higll levels of inflammation in adult life．“This new study is a helpful addition in showing that these effects extend to another important childhood stressor,”he says．He suggests that care workers could monitor levels of CRP in children having psychotherapy to see if it is helping to soothe the stress of being bullied．
What do you know about CRP?
A．It is a symbol of the inflammation．
B．It is a symbol of cardiovascular．
C．It relates directly to diabetes．
D．It is a symbol of physiological effects caused by bullying．
6、Questions are based on the following passage.
Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on asmaller scale, faces practically every company, trying to develop new products and create new jobs.There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know, andwhile banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend themmoney, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. This they do by issuingstocks and shares in the business through the Stock Exchange. By doing so, they can put into circulationthe savings of individual and institutions, both at home and overseas.
When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seekingto invest his money.
Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Governmentor by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could notfunction. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The Government, localauthorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they too, come to the Stock Exchange.
There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one wayor another, this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stocky Exchange exists top rovide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.
Almost all companies trying to develop new products and creating new jobs have to
A．persuade the banks to provide long-term finance
B．rely on their own financial resources
C．borrow large sums of money from friends and relatives
D．depend on the population as a whole for finance
简答题
7、老龄化对国家财政的影响众所周知——节节高攀的医疗保险和养老金(pension)支出。然而，老龄化的影响远不止于此。在老龄化社会里，劳动力市场、储蓄方式以及人口流动都会发生变化。令人担忧的是，劳动力短缺，劳动力市场不稳定，生产力下降等问题都会对发展造成严熏威胁。由二于二中囝平均收人水平仍然停留在低收入阶段，这使得中国人口老龄化问题尤其复杂。
8、我国是茶叶的原产地，茶叶产量堪称世界之。饮茶在我国，不仅是一种生活习惯，更是一种源远流长的文化传统。中国人习惯以茶待客，并形成了相应的饮茶礼仪。按照我国传统文化的习俗，无论在任何场合，敬茶与饮茶的礼仪(the et i quette to offer tea and dr i nk tea)都是不可忽视的一环。以茶待客时。一般应当事先将茶沏好，装入茶杯，然后放在茶盘之内端入客厅。如果客人较多，务必要多备上几杯茶，以防供不应求。
9、外国媒体评选出十大爱喝酒的国家，英国排在位。而中国则排在第二位。不可否认，全世界都有酒的文化。在各种社交中，饮酒往往是常见的一种方式。酒的种类有很多。白酒在我国有着非常久远的文化，也是现代人聚会餐桌上不可缺少的东西。适当的喝酒对身体有好处，但饮酒过量甚至酗酒，对身体也会造成极大的伤害。
10、 Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
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