单项选择题
1、根据以下资料，回答题：
        Drink from plastic bottles can raise the body's levels of a controversial "gender-bending" chemical by more than two thirds, according to tests．
        Experts have been concerned about the possible health effects of bisphenolA (BPA．--an everyday chemical used in many plastic food and drink containers and tins as well as clear baby bottles--which is officially classified as toxic in some countries．A study found that participants who drank for a week from polycarbonate (聚碳酸酯) bottles showed a 69 percent increase in their urine (尿液) of BPA．
        Researchers did not say how much liquid was drunk per day．Researchers from Harvard School ofPublic Health studied 77 students, who had first undergone a seven-day "washout" phase in which theydrank all cold beverages (饮料) from stainless steel bottles in order to minimise BPA exposure．
        They were then given two polycarbonate bottles and asked to drink all cold beverages from themduring the next week．Previous studies have suggested that high levels of BPA consumption are linked tobirth defects, growth problems and an increased risk of heart disease．In particular there are fears thatheating the bottles, as parents would do when warming their baby's milk, causes the chemical to leak inpotentially dangerous quantities into the liquid contained within．
        "If you heat those bottles, as is the case with baby bottles, we would expect the levels to beconsiderably higher．This would be of concern since infants may be particularly susceptible to BPA'shormone gland-disrupting (扰乱腺体极速分泌) potential．" said the senior author of the latest study, Karin B．Michels．
        Most adults carry BPA in their bodies but expert opinion on the risks is divided．The European Food Safety Authority believes that people naturally convert the chemical into less harmful substances in the body．
        Previous studies had found that BPA could leach (渗出 ) from polycarbonate bottles into theircontents, but this study is the first to show the size of the corresponding increase in urinary BPAconcentrations in humans．
        Harvard researcher Jenny Carwile said, "While previous studies have demonstrated that BPA is linkedto adverse health effects, this study fills in a missing piece of the puzzle--whether or not polycarbonateplastic bottles are an important contributor to the amount of BPA in the body．"

What do we know about bisphenol A (BPA．from the beginning of the passage?
A．It is certain substance taken in by human beings every day．
B．It is a component contained in a number of plastic products．
C．It is an element that plays a decisive role in people's gender．
D．It is a kind of chemical that is universally regarded poisonous．


2、根据材料，回答问题。
Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly produces it, and the business of trying it on proceeds at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone's satisfaction.
 For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have eactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something else--he offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a substitute bluntly; he does so with skill and polish. "I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size? It happens to be the color you mentioned. " Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response is: "This is the right color and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on. "
 Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way.
Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only"having a look around". She is always open to persuasion; indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the look-out for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and fro, often retracing her steps,before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious process, but apparently an enjoyable one. So most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.
When a man is buying clothes, __________.
A．he chooses things that others recormnend
B．he buys cheap things, regardless of quality
C．he buys good things, so long as they are not too expensive
D．he does not mind how much he has to pay for the right things


3、根据以下资料，回答题：
Passage One
Quesaons 56 to 60 are based on thefollowingpassage．
The vast glaciers of western Antarctica are rapidly melting and losing ice to the sea and almost certainly have“passed the point of no return，”according to new work by two separate teams of scientists．
The likely result：a rise in global sea levels of 4 feet or more in the coming centuries，says research made public Monday by scientists at the University of Washington，the University of California-Irvine and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory．
“It really is an amazingly distressing situation，”says Pennsylvania State University glaciologist(冰川学家)Sridhar Anandakrishnan，who was not affiliated with either study．“This is a huge part of West Antarctica．and it seems to have been kicked over the edge．”
The researchers say the fate of the glaciers is almost certainly beyond hope．
One study shows that a river of ice called Thwaites Glacier is probably in the early stages of collapse．Total collapse is almost inevitable．the study shows．
A second study shows that a halfdozen glaciers are pouring ice into the sea at an ever-greater pace．That will trigger 4 feet of sea-level rise，says study author Eric Rignot，a glaciologist at the University of Califomia-Irvine，and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory．
“The retreat of ice in that area is unstoppable，”Rignot said at a briefing Monday,adding that the glaciers have“passed the point of no return．”
Rignot and his team used data from satellites and aircraft to map changes in six West Antarctic glaciers and the terrain underlying these massive ice floes(浮冰)．The data show the glaciers are stretching out，thinning and shrinking in volume．They’re A．so flowing faster from the continent’s interior to the sea，dumping larger quantities of ice into the ocean than before and thereby raising sea levels．
At the same time，the portion of each glacier projecting into the sea is being melted from below by warm ocean water．That leads to a vicious cycle of more thinning and faster flow,and the local Terrain offers no barrier to the glaciers’retreat，the researchers report in an upcoming issue of Geophysical Research Leaers．
A report in this week’s Science says the Thwaites Glacier will collapse．perhaps in 200 years．The paper doesn’t specify the amount of sea-level rise associated with nlwaites’demise．

Who contributed to the Monday research?
A．The two separate teams of scientists．
B．Scientists at the University of Washington，of California．Irvine and NASA's Lab．
C．Scientists at Pennsylvania State University．
D．Several glaciologists．


4、根据下面内容，回答题。
A．A recent Cambridge University analysisof 76 studies involving more than 650，000 peopleconcluded，“The current evidence does not clearlysupport guidelines that low consumption of total Saturated fats．“Yet the American Heart Association（Arial，in its most recent dietary guidelines，heldfast to the idea that we must A．l eat low．fat diets for optimal  hearthealth．It’s a stance that—at the very best—is controversial，and at worst is dead wrong．As a practicing cardiologist（心脏病学家）for more than three decades，I agree with the latte—it’s dead wrong．Whydoes the AHA cling to recommendations that fly in the face of scientificevidence？
B．What I discovered was both eye．opening and disturbing．The AHA not only ignored all the other risk factors for heart disease，but it appointed someone with ties to Big Food and bizarrescientific beliefs to lead the guideline-writing panel—just the type of thing that undermines the public’s confidence in the medical community．The AHA guidelines warrant that saturated fat make up no more than 5 to 6 percent of daily calories for adults because this will lower “bad” cholesterol（胆固醇）．And，for those people who need blood pressure control，the guidelines A．so suggest lowering sodium（salt）intake to no more than a teaspoon（2，300 mg）daily．Despite many other known risk factors for heart disease，salt and fat were，astonishingly，the only two considered by the AHA panel writing the guidelines．There are many other recognized risk factors the AHA ignored，including blood sugar level，low “good” cholesterol，insulin（胰岛素）levels，and body weight—an of these are influenced by diet．
C．In fact，mostpeople who have heart attacks don’t have elevations in bad cholesterol．They are much  more likely tohave metabolic syndrome（新陈代谢综合征）—a condition that putsyou at high risk for diabetes and heart disease．Interestinglyenough，blood triglycerides（甘油三脂）do not go up with eating fat—they go up if you eat a diet high inprocessed grains，starches，andsugar．Unfortunately for the proponents ofhigh-carbohydrate（糖类）diets，highblood triglycerides are a major risk factor for heart disease．In addition．low fat／highcarb diets lower protective “good”cholesterol and raiseinsulin．
These diets are involved in the development of diabetes．which is a powerful risk factor for developing heart disease．
Heart Cheek Program’s contribution
D．The writers of the 2013 statinguidelines based their recommendations on studies that looked at the reductionin the risk of events like heart attacks in people treated with statins．compared to people on a placebo（安慰剂）．The AHAdietary guidelines do not cite any diet studies that looked at whether followinga specific diet lowered the risk of developing heart events—yet they are givingdietary advice．Why？There mightbe two plausible reasons．One is the AHA's moneymaking “HeartCheck Program．”The second is the conflict of interestof Robert Eckel—the co-chair of the panel that wrote the guidelines．
E．Forty．fivepercent of these “heart healthy” foods—over 400 of them—are meat：92 are processed meats—which have been shown to have either neutralor negative effects on heart health．Even more problematicare the foods containing added sugar．The AHA recommendsthat women consume less
than 6 teaspoons（100 calories）of sugar a day and less than 9 teaspoons（150caories）for men．Yet there areitems that get the nod of approval．from the HeartCheck program despite being near or at the sugar limit．1ikeBruce’s Yams Candied Sweet Potatoes and Healthy Choice Salisbury Steak．
F．Until this year，Heart Check approved many foods with trans-fats，which raise bad cholesterol and lower good cholesterol，among other harmful effects on health，like increasing inflammation（发炎）and the laying down of calciumin arteries（动脉）．
G．Like the dietary guidelines，the AHA Heart Check Program appears to address only the effect of foods on cholesterol level and blood pressure．Meanwhile，since the 1 970s，our yearly sugarconsumption has increased quickly along with the incidence of diabetes and obesity．This brings us to Dr．Robert
H．Eckel，theco-chair of the Working Group．He is a consultant for Foodminds，which specializes “in food，beverage，nutrition，health and wellness．”Foodminds works with more than 30 leadingfood，beverage，and nutrition tooffer a “one stop shop of…consulting…to guide food and beverage companies innavigating the complexities around the upcoming FDA Nutrition Facts labeloverhaul．”In other words．Foodmindsis a lobbying firm for “Big Food．”
Creationist’s coming
H．And then there is this：Dr．Eckeldescribes himself as “a scientist and professing six．daycreationist and a member of the technical advisory board of the Institute forCreation Research…”Many scientists are religious．This isnot to question Dr．Eckel’s religious beliefs．but to question his ability to think sciemifically．He believes there is scientific proof that the world was created insix days and mat evolution does not exist．This shouldat least raise eyebrows when the co-chair of an influential panel charged withgiving scientifically sound dietary advice has a financial conflict of interestand proselytizes for beliefs that are anti．scientific．
I．The American people should beable to trust that only impartial scientists write guidelines．We should be confident that those experts are not working to advancecorporate interests and that they do not espouse beliefs that are well outsidethe scientific mainstream．An avowed creationist who consults for a food lobby hardly seems an appropriate choice to fulfill these criteria．For the last several decades，the AHA has promoted a low-fat high-carbohydrate diet as acornerstone of heart health．It has taken a very public position that saturated fats are a major driver of heart disease risk and the mounting tide of evidence that this is dead wrong must put it in a very uncomfortable position．And yet a fundamental requirement of science--as opposed to propaganda--is that when evidence that contradicts a hypothesis is replicated over and over again，that hypothesis must be abandoned．
J．The idea that eating high amounts of saturated fat causes hardening of the arteries—the so．Called “diet-heart hypothesis—deserves to be jettisoned along with other discredited belief systems．Creationism comes tomind．Will the AHA step up to the plate？
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
It is fun that blood triglycerides won’t rise when you eat fat，but go up with eating other sugar and starches．

5、

回答题
    The social network will let users“mute”messages from other users on their timelines without the muted person’s knowledge，thereby avoiding the(36)__________
    process of having to unfollow(取消关注)，or put up with，your(37)__________talkative IRL friends．Twitter rolled out new(38)__________to let users better manage the deluge(泛滥)of tweets they receive．
    Users can now“mute”people they follow,removing those people’s tweets and retweets from their own timelines．The muted person won’t know that he or she has been(39)__________．It’s a stealthy way to read less content from certain users without having to unfollow them．A person can easily be muted or(40)__________at any time，Twitter said in a blog post．
    “Mute gives you even more(41)__________over the content you see on Twitter by letting you remove a user’s content from key parts of your Twitter experience，”the company said．
    Though Twitter had been experimenting with the feature in recent weeks，it announced that muting will be(42)__________to all users of the company’s iOS and Android apps，as well as the Twitter．com website．Some other Twitter applications，like TweetDeck，already allowed muting．
    The feature is part of Twitter’s(43)__________strategy to make its service more accessible to a wider range of people．Following a successful initial public offerin9，Twitter’s stock has tumbled in recent months as investors worry about the social network’s(44)__________to attract new users．CEO Dick Costolo(45)__________that Twitter would make changes to its interface this year to make it easier to understand and manage．The company overhauled(彻底检修)user profile pages in April as part of this effort．
A．silenced
B．awkward
C．unmvted
D．feature
E．embarrassment
F．unfollowed
G．control
H．extremely
I．overall
J．vowed
K．generally
L．ability
M．accepted
N．available
O．characters

__________


6、根据材料回答题
A．Amazon，by far the largest bookseller in the country,reported on May 19 that it is now selling more books in its electronic Kindle format than in the old paper-and．ink format．That is remarkable，considering that the Kindle has only been around for four years．E-books now account for 14 percent of All book sales in the country and are increasing far faster than overall book sales．E-book sales are up 146 percent over last year,while hardback sales increased 6 percent and paperbacks decreased 8percent．
B．Does this spell the doom of the physical book?Certainly not immediately,and perhaps not at all What it does mean is that the book business will go through a transformation in the next decade or so more profound than any it has seen since Gutenberg introduced printing from moveaB．e type in the 1450s．
C． PhysicA． books will surely become much rarer in the marketplace．Mass market paperbacks，which have been declining for years anyway,will probably disappear,as will hardbacks for mysteries，thrillers，“romance fiction．”etc．Such books，which only rarely end up in permanent collections，either private or
public．will probably only be available as e-books within a few years．Hardback and trade paperbacks for“serious”nonfiction and fiction will surely last longer．Perhaps it will become the mark of an author to reckon with that he or she is still puB．ished in hard copy．
D． As for children’s books，who knows?Children’s books are like dog food in that the purchasers are not the consumers，so the market(and the marketing)is inherently strange．
E．For clues to the book’s future，let’s look at some examples of technological change and see what happened to the old technology．
F． One technology replaces another only because the new technology is better,cheaper,or both．The greater the difference，the sooner and more thoroughly the new technology replaces the old．Printing with moveaB．e type on paper dramatically reduced the cost of producing a book compared with the old-fashioned ones handwritten on vellum，which comes from sheepskin．A Bible-to be sure,a long
Book required vellum made from 300 sheepskins and countless man-hours of labor．Before printing arrived,a BiB．e cost more than a middle-class house．There were perhaps 50．000 books in all of Europe in 1450．By l500there were 10 million．
G．But while printing quickly caused the hand written book to die out，handwriting lingered on(继续存在) well into the l 6th century．Very speciA． books are still occasionA．ly produced on vellum．but they are one—of-a-kind show pieces．
H． Sometimes a new technology doesn’t drive the old one out，but only parts of it while forcing the rest to evolve．The movies were widely predicted to drive live theater out of the marketplace，but they didn’t，because theater turned out to have quA．ities movies could not reproduce．Equally,TV was supposed to replace movies but，again，did not．
I．Movies did，however,fatally impact some parts of live theater．And while TV didn’t kill movies，it did kill second-rate pictures，shorts，and cartoons．
J． Nor did TV kill radio．Comedy and drama shows(“Jack Benny,”“Amos and Andy,” “The Shadow”)all migrated to television．But because you can’t drive a cal ”and watch television at the same time，rushhour became radio’s prime，while music，talk，and news radio greatly enlarged their audiences．Radio is today a very different business than in the late 1940s and a much larger one．
K．Sometimes old technology lingers for centuries because of its symbolic power．Mounted cavalry(骑兵) replaced the chariot(二轮战车)on the battlefield around 1 000 BC．But chariots maintained their place in parades and triumphs right up until the end of the Roman Empire 1,500 years later．The Sword hasn’t had a military function for a hundred years,but is still part of an officer’s full．dress nniforill，precisely because a sword A．ways symbolized“an ofificer and a gentleman．”
L．Sometimes new technology is a little cranky(不稳定的)at first．Television repairman was a common occupation in the 1950s．for instance．And so the old technology remains as a backup．Steamships captured the North Atlantic passenger business from sail in the 1840s because of its much greater
speed．But steamships didn’t lose their sails until the 1880s,because early marine engines had a nasty habit of breaking down．Until ships became large enough(and engines small enough)to mount two engines side by side．they needed to keep sails．(The high cost of steam and the lesser need for speed kept the majority of the world’s ocean freight moving by sail until the early years of the 20th century．)
M．Then there is the fireplace．Central heating was present in every．upper-and middle-class home by the second half of the 1 9th century．But functioning fireplaces remain to this day a powerful selling point in a house or aDartment．I suspect the reason is a deep．rooted love of the fire．Fire was one of the earliest major technological advances for humankind，providing heat，protection，and cooked food(which is much easier to eat and digest)．Human control of fire goes back far enough(over a million years)that evolution could have produced a genetic leaning towards fire as a central aspect of human life．
N． Books-especially books the average person could afford-haven’t been around long enough to produce evolutionary change in humans．But they have a powerful hold on many people nonetheless，a hold extending far beyond their literary content．At their best，they are works of art and there is a tactile(触觉的)pleasure in books necessarily lost in e-book versions．The ability to quickly thumb through pages is  also lost．And a room with books in it induces，at least in some，a feeling not dissimilar to that of a fire in the fireplace on a cold winter’s night．
0． For these reasons I think physical books will have a longer existence as a commercial product than some currently predict．Like swords，books have symbolic power．Like fireplaces，they induce a sense of comfort and warmth．And，perhaps，similar to sails，they make a usefurback-up for when the lights goout．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Authors still puB．ished in printed versions will be considered important ones．


7、Quesffons are based on thefoUowingpassage．
Global warming is a trend toward warmer conditions around the world．Part of the warming is natural；we have experienced a 20，000-year-long warming as the last ice age ended and the ice(36)__________ away．However,we have akeady reached temperatures that are in(37)__________ with other minimum—ice periods，so continued warming is likely not natural．We are(3 8)__________ to a predicted worldwide increase in temperatures(39)__________between 1℃and 6℃over the next 1 00 years．The warming will be more(40)__________ in some areas，less in others，and some places may even cool off．Likewise，the(41)__________ 0f this warming will be very different depending on where you are---coastal areas must worry about rising sea levels，while Siberia and northern Canada may become more habitable(宜居的)and(42)__________ for humans than these areas are now．
The fact remains，however,that it will likely get warmer,on(43)__________ J everywhere．Scientists are in general agreement that the warmer conditions we have been experiencing are at least in part the result of a human-induced global warming trend．Some scientists(44)__________ that the changes we are seeing fall within
the range of random(无规律的)variation—some years are cold，others warm，and we have just had an unremarkable string of warm years(45)__________ but that is becoming an increasingly rare interpretation in the face of continued and increasing warm conditions．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A．appealing
B．average
C．contributing
D．dramatic
E．frequently
F．impact
G．line
H．maintain
I．melted
J．persist
K．ranging
L．recently
M．resolved
N．sensible
O．shock
36题应填______


简答题
8、新疆位于中国西北部，是中国陆地面积的省级行政区(admi n i strat i ve region)，占中国国土总面积的六分之一。新疆既是古代丝绸之路的重要通道，也是现在第二座亚欧大陆桥(EurasjaD Cont i nenta | Br i dge)的必经之地，具有十分重要的战略位置。新疆也是一个很容易让人心驰神往的地方。它拥有浩瀚的沙漠，秀丽的草原以及特殊的习俗风情和民族美食。新疆吐鲁番是葡萄的故乡。据记载，早在2000多年前，这里就开始了葡萄的种植。


9、如今，如果你告诉别人你会联系对方，他或她可能不会问你什么时候联系，但是会问以什么方式联系。现代科技已经极大的改变了我们的沟通方式，它提供给我们在任何时候都能保持联系的多种方式。对于小型或是中型企业，这意味着对于竞争力的保持来说是巨大的机会，他们了解技术发展的趋势并且能很好地应用自身的优势(appIY thei r own advantages)。


10、每年农历的正月十五日，春节刚过，迎来的就是中国的传统节日——元宵节(Lantern Festi vaI)。按中国民间的传统，在这天皓月高悬的夜晚，人们要点起彩灯万盏，以示庆贺。民间过元宵节还有吃元宵的习俗。元宵由糯米制成，或实心，或带馅。元宵也被称作汤圆(G| utinous Rice Ba||s，or Gatheri ng Rice Ba||s)，象征全家人团团圆圆，和睦幸福，人们也以此怀念离别的亲人，寄托了对未来生活的美好愿望。