单项选择题
1、Questions are based on the passage you have just heard．

A．Lifting your soup bowl to your mouth．
B．Making a noise when eating．
C．Raising your elbows to the shoulder．
D．Putting your elbows on the table．


2、Questions are bused oil the conversation you have just heard．

A．To have one of her teeth filled．
B．To have one of her teeth pulled．
C．To have her teeth cleaned．
D．To have her teeth examined．


3、Questions are based on the following passage．
Kodak's decision to file for bankruptcy (破产) protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution．
Although many attribute Kodak's downfall to "complacency(自满)," that explanation doesn't acknowledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself．Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film--and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera 1975--but in a fateful decision, the comply chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business．
It wasn't that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it．By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late．Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed．Large companies bava difficult time switching to new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses．
Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate (企业的) culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future．They were a company stuck in time．Their history was so important to them．Now their history has become a liability．
Kodak's downfall over the last several decades was dramatic．In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras．But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies．Kodak's decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation．The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace．
What do we learn about Kodak?
A．It went bankrupt all of a sudden．
B．It is approaching its downfall．
C．It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry．
D．It is playing the dominant role in the film market．


4、听录音,回答题

A． They have destroyed several small towns．
B． They will soon spread to San Francisco．
C． They have injured many residents． 
D． They are burning out of control．


5、听录音,回答题

A．To seek adventure there.
B．To be with her mother on Christmas.
C．To see the animals and plants there.
D．To join her father on Christmas.


6、

回答题
A Battle is Looming over Renewable Energy,and Fossil Fuel Interests are Losing
A． In state capitals across the country,legislators are debating proposals to roll back environmental rules，prodded by industry and advocacy groups eager to curtail(缩减)regulations aimed at curbing greenhouse gases．
B．The measures，which have been introduced in about 18 states，lie at the heart of an effort to expand to the state level the battle over fossil fuel and renewable energy．The new rules would trim or abolish climate mandates--including those that require utilities to use solar and wind energy,as well as proposed Environmental Protection Agency rules that would reduce carbon emissions from power plants．
C．But the campaign—despite its backing from powerful groups such as Americans for Prosperity—has run into a surprising roadblock：the growing political clout of renewable-energy interests，even in rock-ribbed Republican states such as Kansas．
D． The stage has been set for what one lobbyist called“trench warfare”as moneyed interests on both sides wrestle over some of the strongest regulations for promoting renewable energy．And the issues are likely to surface this fall in the midterm elections，as well，with Califomia billionaire Tom Steyer pouring money into various gubernatorial(州长的)and state and federal legislative races to back candidates who support tough rules curbing pollution．
E．The multi-pronged conservative effort to roll back regulations，begun more than a year ago，is supported by a loose，well．funded confederation that includes the U．S．Chamber of Commerce，the National Association of Manufacturers and conservative activist groups such as Americans for Prosperity,a politically active nonprofit organization founded in part by brothers David and Charles Koch．These groups argue that existing government rules violate free-market principles and will ultimately drive up costs for consumers．
F．The proposed measures are similar from state to state．In some cases，the legislative language matches or closely resembles model bills and resolutions offered by the American Legislative Exchange Council(ALEC)，a free-market．oriented group of state lawmakers underwritten in part by Exxon Mobil，Koch Industries，Duke Energy and Peabody Energy．“Now more than ever is the time for states to lead the way,”ALEC’s top officials told its members at a meeting in December．
G．The coalition campaigns have achieyed only symbolic victories in a few states．Nonbinding resolutions critical of the EPA power plant proposals have been approved in Alabama，Georgia，Nebraska，West Virginia and Wyoming．Three other states--Louisiana．Missouri and Ohio—are weighing legislation similar to the ALEC model．
H．Only one of the 18 state legislatures has approved a more substantive measure that would replace the EPA’s power plant rules．And even that bill．in Kentucky,could backfire by giving up a chance for the state to design its own program and forcing it to accept a federal compliance program．
I．“Clean energy is beginning to become mainstream，”said Gabe Eisner,executive director of the Energy and Policy Institute，a clean-energy think tank in Washington．“Renewable energy is popular and has increased political power now,”but，he added，“that power is still eclipsed by the resources of the fossil fuel industry．”
A surprisingly tough fight
J．Kansas might be the best place to see how these dynamics are unfolding．
K．The state was a promising choice for a foray(攻击)against rules known as renewable-energy standards．which set minimum levels of renewable-energy use by electric utilities．Variations of these rules have been adopted in about 30 states．even though Congress did not pass a federal version of the requirement．In Kansas，a law passed in 2009 requires utilities to use wind and solar power to generate
at least 15 percent of their electricity bv 2016 and 20 percent by 2020．
L．The coalition seeking the repeal of the renewable mandate had all the ingredients for success．Financial．muscle came from the Kansas Chamber of Commerce，which lobbied heavily for repeal．In addition，the state is home to Koch Industries，the Koch brothers’Wichita-based energy conglomerate(集团)．The state representative for Wichita，Republican Dennis Hedke，has called the company“one of the greatest success stories in the world”and said“they are making very positive contributions．”Hedke
chairs the state House’s Energy and Environment Committee．
M．Koch Industries，along with the utility industry’s Edison Electric Institute and the nation’s biggest coal company,Peabody Energy,have supported ALEC．which advised state lawmakers on repeal strategy．
N．“Koch has consistently opposed all subsidies and mandates across the board．especially as it relates to energy policy,”Philip Ellendea president and chief operating officer of Koch Companies Public Sector,said in a statement，citing the company’s opposition to the renewable fuel standard，wind production tax credit and ethanol(乙醇)mandate．“Government should not mandate the allocation or use of natural resources and raw materials in the production of goods．”
O．The ideological case was supported by conservative think tanks．Kansans for Liberty supposed repeal．and the state branch of Americans for Prosperity told supporters that“green energy mandates replace the free-market with bureaucratic government oversight，driving up costs for hard—working Kansas families．”The national group has spent$300．000 in the state pushing for the rollback of renewable standards．
P．Connections to key Kansas politicians also were stron9．Both the Kansas state Senate’s president．Susan Wagle，and the speaker of the state House，Ray Merrick，are members of the ALEC board and backed repeal．“The repeal of the RPS[Renewable Portfolio Standards]fits in line with the goals of the organization，”said Wagle，who said she joined ALEC in the 1990s in connection with her opposition to health-care reforln led by Hillary Rodham Clinton．then the first lady．
Q．Moreover’the Kansas economy relies heavily on fossil fuels．The state iS the nation’s 10th．1argest producer of crude oil and l 2th-largest of natural gas，according to the federal Energy Information Administration．In 2013，coal-fired power plants provided 61 percent of the state’s electricity,well above the national average．But the strong winds that blow across Kansas have carried new interests into the state．Kansas ranks sixth in the country in wind output，which jumped by a third last year and equaled 19 percent of the state’s electricity,the EIA says．
R． The growing number of wind farms not only generates power but royalties for landowners．Dorothy Barnett，executive director of the Climate and Energy Project，said that Kansas landowners receive more than$1 3 million a year．“This issue is an issue that touches rural Kansans，and we have a lot of rural Kansas legislators，”she said．

Resolutions with no binding force which are picky about the EPA power plant proposals have been accepted in many states such as Alabama and Georgia．


简答题
7、听录音,回答题
      Students' pressure sometimes comes from their parents．Most parents are (26) __________, but some  of  them  aren't  very  helpful  with  the  problems  their  sons  and  daughters  have  in(27) __________college, and a few of them seem to go out of their way to add to their children's difficulties．
     For one thing, parents are often not (28) __________the kinds of problems their children face．They don't realize that the (29) __________is keener, that the required standards of work are higher, and that their children may not be prepared for the change．(30) __________to seeing A's and B's on high school report cards, they may be upset when their children's first semester college grades are below that level．At their kindest, they may (31) __________inquire why John or Mary isn't
doing better, whether he or she is tryingas hard as he or she should, and so on．At their worst, they may (32) __________to take their children out of college, or (33)__________funds．
     Sometimes parents regard their children as extensions of themselves and think it only right and natural  that  they  determine  what  their  children  do  with  their  lives． In  their  involvement  and(34)__________with their children, they forget that everyone is different and that each person must develop in his or her own  way． They forget  that  their  children,  who  are  now  young(35)  __________, must be the ones responsible for what they do and what they are．
第(26)题__________


8、听录音，回答题
Sleep is part of a person's daily activity cycle. There are several different stages of sleep, and they too (26) __  in cycles. If you are an (27) __  sleeper, your sleep cycle is as follows. When you first fall into slumber (安睡), your eyes will (28) __  about a bit, your temperaturewill drop (29) __  , your muscles will relax, and your breathing is slow and becomes quite (30) __ Your brain waves slow down a bit too. This is called stage one sleep.
For the next half hour or so, as you relax more and more, you will (31) __ down throughstage two and stage three sleep. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be.
Then about 40 to 60 minutes after you lose (32) __ you will have reached the (33) __  sleep of all. This is stage four sleep. You do not remain at this deep fourth stage (34)__, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase again slightly. Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids as if you were looking at something occurring in front of you. This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep. It is during REM sleep period that your body will soon relax again, your breathing will grow slow (35) __  , and you will slip gently back from stage one to stage four sleep.
第(26)题__________


9、中国书法(calligraphy)历史悠久，它不仅是汉字的传统书写形式，也是体现自我修养和自我表达的艺术。作者的内心世界通过美妙的字体得以体现。书法在中国艺术中拥有举足轻重的地位，因为它影响到了其他的中国艺术形式。今天，尽管出现了各种各样的现代书写方式，但人们仍然将书法作为一种业余爱好进行练习。作为传统的艺术瑰宝，中国书法在西方也越来越受欢迎。


10、众所周知。电子商务是我国新兴的商务模式。在社会日新月异的今天。电子商务已经成为人们日常生活中的一部分。电子商务让人们的生活变得更加便捷，让人们能够足不出户就得到自己想要的商品，而且可以通过自己想要的排序方式，来进一步进行选择。比如说按照价钱来进行排序，这样可以得到更加物美价廉的商品。电子商务正处在空前的发展时期(unprecedented per i od of deve J opment)．推动着世界经济的快速发展。