2015年英语四级考试每日一练(7月24日)
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单项选择题
1、Questions are based on the passage you have just heard．
A．He played well in the NBA．
B．Back injuries interrupted his career．
C．He now works for Nike．
D．Maryland is his homeland．
2、
Surviving the Recession
A．America's recession began quietly at the end of 2007．Since then it has evolved into a global crisis.Reasonable people may disagree about whom to blame．Financiers who were not as clever as theythought they were? Regulators falling asleep at work? Consumers who borrowed too much? Politicianswho thoughtlessly promoted home-ownership for those who could not afford it? All are guilty; andwhat a mess they have created.
B．Since 2007 America has shed 5 million jobs．More than 15% of the workforce are jobless or underem-ployed-roughiy 25 million workers．The only industries swelling their payrolls are health care, utilitiesand the federal government．The value of listed shares in American firms collapsed by 57% from its
peak in October 2007 to a low in March this year, though it has since bounced back somewhat．In-dustrial production fell by 12.8% in the year to March, the worst slide since the Second World War.Mark Zandi, an economist at Moody's Economy.com, predicts that the recession will shrink America'seconomy by 3.5% in total．For most executives, this is the worst business environment they've everseen.
C．Times are so tough that even bosses are taking pay cuts．Median (中为数的) pay for chief executivesof S&P 500 companies fell 6.8% in 2008．The overthrown business giants of Wall Street took thebiggest knock, with average pay cuts of 38% and median bonuses of zero．But there was some painfor everyone: median pay for chief executives of non-fmancial firms in the S&P 500 fell by 2.7%.Nearly every business has a sad tale to tell．For example, Arne Sorenson, the president of Marriotthotels, likens the crisis to the downturn that hit his business after September llth,2001．When thetwin towers fell, Americans stopped travelling．Marriott had its worst quarter ever, with revenues perroom falling by 25%．This year, without a terrorist attack, the hotel industry is "putting the samenumbers on the board", says Mr Soreuson.
D．The hotel bust (不景气), like most busts, was preceded by a breathtaldng boom．Although many otherbig firm.s resisted the temptation to over-borrow, developers borrowed heavily and built bigger andfancier hotels as if the whole world were planning a holiday in Las Vegas．When the bubble burst,demand collapsed．Hotel owners found themselves with a huge number of empty rooms even as a lotof unnecessary new hotels were ready to open.
E．Other industries have suffered even more．Large numbers of builders, property firms and retailershave gone bankrupt．And a disaster has hit Detroit．Last year the American car industry had the ca-pacity to make 17 million vehicles．Sales in 2009 could be barely haft of that．The Big Three Ameri-can carmakers--General Motors, Ford and Chrysler--accumulated ruinous costs over the post-waryears, such as gold-plated health plans and pensions for workers who retired as young as 48．Allthree are desperately restructuring．Only Ford may survive in its current form．Hard times breed hardfeelings．Few Americans understand what caused the recession．Some are seeking scapegoats (替罪羊).Politicians are happy to take advantage．Bosses have been summoned to Washington to be scoldedon live television．The president condemns their greed.
Extravagance (奢侈 ) is out
F．Businessfolk are bending over backwards to avoid seeming extravagant．Meetings at resorts are sud-denly unacceptable．Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, cancelled a conference in Las Vegas at thelast minute and rebooked it in San Francisco, which cost more but sounded less fun．Anyway, thepain will eventually end．American business will regain its shine．Many firms will die, but the sur-vivors will emerge leaner and stronger than before．The financial sector's share of the economy willshrink, and stay shrunk for years to come．The importance of non-financial firms will accordinglyrise, along with their ability to attract the best talent．America will remain the best place on earth todo business, so long as Barack Obama and the Democrats in Congress resist the temptation to inter-fere too much, and so long as organised labour does not overplay its hand.
G．The crisis will prove hugely disruptive (破坏性的), however．Bad management techniques will be ex-posed．Necessity will force the swift adoption of more efficient ones．At the same time, technologicalinnovation (创新) will barely pause for breath, and two big political changes seem likely．Mr Obama'splan to curb carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (排放), though necessary, will be far from cost-free,whatever his sunny speeches on the subject might suggest．The shift to a loW-carbon economy willhelp some firms, hurt others and require every organisation that uses much energy to rethink how itoperates．It "is harder to predict how Mr Obama's proposed reforms to the failing health-care systemwill turn out．If he succeeds in curbing costs--a big if--it would be a huge gain for America．Somebusinesses will benefit but the vast bulk of the savings will be captured by workers, not their em-ployers.
H．In the next couple of years the businesses that thrive will be those that are tight with costs, carefulof debt, cautious with cash flow and extremely attentive to what customers want．They will includeplenty of names no one has yet heard of．Times change, and corporations change with them．In 1955Time's Man of the Year was Harlow Curtice, the boss of GM．His firm was leading America towards"a new economic order", the magazine wrote．Thanks to men like Curtice, "the bonds of scarcity"had been broken and America was rolling "to an all-time high of prosperity"．Soon, Americans wouldneed to spend "comparatively little time earning a living".
I．Half a century later GM is a typical example for poor management．In March its chief executive wasfired by Time's current Man of the Year, Mr Obama．The government now backs up the domestic carindustry, lending it money and overseeing its turnaround plans．With luck, this will be short-lived．Butthere is a danger that Washington will end up micromanaging not only Detroit but also other parts ofthe economy．And clever as Mr Obama's advisers are, history suggests they will be bad at this.
Because Harlow Curtice's firm was leading America in creating "a new economic order", he wasnamed by Time magazine as Man of the Year in 1955.
3、听录音，
回答题
A．Plan his budget carefully．
B．Give her more information.
C．Ask someone else for advice.
D．Buy a gift for his girlfriend.
4、听录音,回答题
A．He lost consciousness.
B．He was sli=htly wounded.
C．He was seriously injured.
D．He was buried under an icebox.
5、听录音,回答题
A．To show off their wealth.
B．To feel good.
C．To regain their memory.
D．To be different from others.
6、听录音,回答题
A．The procedure of Nobel Prize awarding.
B．The people who award Nobel Prizes.
C．The people who receive Nobel Prizes.
D．The ceremony of Nobel Prize awarding.
7、根据材料，回答问题。
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
A．It helps the body to digest food.
B．It keeps milk fresh.
C．It helps the body to absorb calcium.
D．It prevents sunburn.
简答题
8、为了促进教育公平，中国已投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设旋和加强中西部地区农村义务教育(compulsory education)．这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使l6万多所中小学受益．资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材．现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课．一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读．
9、踢毽子(Kicking shuttIecock)是中国民间传统的体育健身运动，历史悠久。踢毽子是一项简便的健身运动，它不需要任何专门的场地和设备。这项运动老幼皆宜。不仅有助于培养人的灵敏性和协调性，而且有助于身体的全面发展。增强健康。据史料记载。宋代集市上就有专卖毽子的店铺，明清时开始有正式的踢毽子比赛。踢毽子早流行于中国的青少年中，不过现在玩的反而是成人居多。
10、中国被誉为陶瓷之国，景德镇被称为陶瓷之都(the City of ceramics)。瓷器早出现于商代中晚期。距今已有八千多年的悠久历史。随着时代的发展，瓷器的用途越来越多，既可以用来盛放东西，也可以作装饰之用。多姿多彩的瓷器是中国古代的伟大发明之一。 “瓷器”与“中国”在英文中同为一词。充分说明中国瓷器的精美绝伦完全可以作为中国的代表。
1、Questions are based on the passage you have just heard．
A．He played well in the NBA．
B．Back injuries interrupted his career．
C．He now works for Nike．
D．Maryland is his homeland．
2、
Surviving the Recession
A．America's recession began quietly at the end of 2007．Since then it has evolved into a global crisis.Reasonable people may disagree about whom to blame．Financiers who were not as clever as theythought they were? Regulators falling asleep at work? Consumers who borrowed too much? Politicianswho thoughtlessly promoted home-ownership for those who could not afford it? All are guilty; andwhat a mess they have created.
B．Since 2007 America has shed 5 million jobs．More than 15% of the workforce are jobless or underem-ployed-roughiy 25 million workers．The only industries swelling their payrolls are health care, utilitiesand the federal government．The value of listed shares in American firms collapsed by 57% from its
peak in October 2007 to a low in March this year, though it has since bounced back somewhat．In-dustrial production fell by 12.8% in the year to March, the worst slide since the Second World War.Mark Zandi, an economist at Moody's Economy.com, predicts that the recession will shrink America'seconomy by 3.5% in total．For most executives, this is the worst business environment they've everseen.
C．Times are so tough that even bosses are taking pay cuts．Median (中为数的) pay for chief executivesof S&P 500 companies fell 6.8% in 2008．The overthrown business giants of Wall Street took thebiggest knock, with average pay cuts of 38% and median bonuses of zero．But there was some painfor everyone: median pay for chief executives of non-fmancial firms in the S&P 500 fell by 2.7%.Nearly every business has a sad tale to tell．For example, Arne Sorenson, the president of Marriotthotels, likens the crisis to the downturn that hit his business after September llth,2001．When thetwin towers fell, Americans stopped travelling．Marriott had its worst quarter ever, with revenues perroom falling by 25%．This year, without a terrorist attack, the hotel industry is "putting the samenumbers on the board", says Mr Soreuson.
D．The hotel bust (不景气), like most busts, was preceded by a breathtaldng boom．Although many otherbig firm.s resisted the temptation to over-borrow, developers borrowed heavily and built bigger andfancier hotels as if the whole world were planning a holiday in Las Vegas．When the bubble burst,demand collapsed．Hotel owners found themselves with a huge number of empty rooms even as a lotof unnecessary new hotels were ready to open.
E．Other industries have suffered even more．Large numbers of builders, property firms and retailershave gone bankrupt．And a disaster has hit Detroit．Last year the American car industry had the ca-pacity to make 17 million vehicles．Sales in 2009 could be barely haft of that．The Big Three Ameri-can carmakers--General Motors, Ford and Chrysler--accumulated ruinous costs over the post-waryears, such as gold-plated health plans and pensions for workers who retired as young as 48．Allthree are desperately restructuring．Only Ford may survive in its current form．Hard times breed hardfeelings．Few Americans understand what caused the recession．Some are seeking scapegoats (替罪羊).Politicians are happy to take advantage．Bosses have been summoned to Washington to be scoldedon live television．The president condemns their greed.
Extravagance (奢侈 ) is out
F．Businessfolk are bending over backwards to avoid seeming extravagant．Meetings at resorts are sud-denly unacceptable．Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, cancelled a conference in Las Vegas at thelast minute and rebooked it in San Francisco, which cost more but sounded less fun．Anyway, thepain will eventually end．American business will regain its shine．Many firms will die, but the sur-vivors will emerge leaner and stronger than before．The financial sector's share of the economy willshrink, and stay shrunk for years to come．The importance of non-financial firms will accordinglyrise, along with their ability to attract the best talent．America will remain the best place on earth todo business, so long as Barack Obama and the Democrats in Congress resist the temptation to inter-fere too much, and so long as organised labour does not overplay its hand.
G．The crisis will prove hugely disruptive (破坏性的), however．Bad management techniques will be ex-posed．Necessity will force the swift adoption of more efficient ones．At the same time, technologicalinnovation (创新) will barely pause for breath, and two big political changes seem likely．Mr Obama'splan to curb carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (排放), though necessary, will be far from cost-free,whatever his sunny speeches on the subject might suggest．The shift to a loW-carbon economy willhelp some firms, hurt others and require every organisation that uses much energy to rethink how itoperates．It "is harder to predict how Mr Obama's proposed reforms to the failing health-care systemwill turn out．If he succeeds in curbing costs--a big if--it would be a huge gain for America．Somebusinesses will benefit but the vast bulk of the savings will be captured by workers, not their em-ployers.
H．In the next couple of years the businesses that thrive will be those that are tight with costs, carefulof debt, cautious with cash flow and extremely attentive to what customers want．They will includeplenty of names no one has yet heard of．Times change, and corporations change with them．In 1955Time's Man of the Year was Harlow Curtice, the boss of GM．His firm was leading America towards"a new economic order", the magazine wrote．Thanks to men like Curtice, "the bonds of scarcity"had been broken and America was rolling "to an all-time high of prosperity"．Soon, Americans wouldneed to spend "comparatively little time earning a living".
I．Half a century later GM is a typical example for poor management．In March its chief executive wasfired by Time's current Man of the Year, Mr Obama．The government now backs up the domestic carindustry, lending it money and overseeing its turnaround plans．With luck, this will be short-lived．Butthere is a danger that Washington will end up micromanaging not only Detroit but also other parts ofthe economy．And clever as Mr Obama's advisers are, history suggests they will be bad at this.
Because Harlow Curtice's firm was leading America in creating "a new economic order", he wasnamed by Time magazine as Man of the Year in 1955.
3、听录音，
回答题
A．Plan his budget carefully．
B．Give her more information.
C．Ask someone else for advice.
D．Buy a gift for his girlfriend.
4、听录音,回答题
A．He lost consciousness.
B．He was sli=htly wounded.
C．He was seriously injured.
D．He was buried under an icebox.
5、听录音,回答题
A．To show off their wealth.
B．To feel good.
C．To regain their memory.
D．To be different from others.
6、听录音,回答题
A．The procedure of Nobel Prize awarding.
B．The people who award Nobel Prizes.
C．The people who receive Nobel Prizes.
D．The ceremony of Nobel Prize awarding.
7、根据材料，回答问题。
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
A．It helps the body to digest food.
B．It keeps milk fresh.
C．It helps the body to absorb calcium.
D．It prevents sunburn.
简答题
8、为了促进教育公平，中国已投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设旋和加强中西部地区农村义务教育(compulsory education)．这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使l6万多所中小学受益．资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材．现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课．一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读．
9、踢毽子(Kicking shuttIecock)是中国民间传统的体育健身运动，历史悠久。踢毽子是一项简便的健身运动，它不需要任何专门的场地和设备。这项运动老幼皆宜。不仅有助于培养人的灵敏性和协调性，而且有助于身体的全面发展。增强健康。据史料记载。宋代集市上就有专卖毽子的店铺，明清时开始有正式的踢毽子比赛。踢毽子早流行于中国的青少年中，不过现在玩的反而是成人居多。
10、中国被誉为陶瓷之国，景德镇被称为陶瓷之都(the City of ceramics)。瓷器早出现于商代中晚期。距今已有八千多年的悠久历史。随着时代的发展，瓷器的用途越来越多，既可以用来盛放东西，也可以作装饰之用。多姿多彩的瓷器是中国古代的伟大发明之一。 “瓷器”与“中国”在英文中同为一词。充分说明中国瓷器的精美绝伦完全可以作为中国的代表。
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