单项选择题
1、阅读下文，回答题
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
Child psychologists--and kindergarten teachers--have long known that when children first show up for school，some of them speak a lot more fluently than others. Psychologists also know that children’s socioeconomic status tends to be closely connected with their language facility. The better off and more educated a child’s parents are，the better vocabulary ability that child tends to have by school age—and vocabulary skill is a key predictor for success in school. Children from low-income families，who may often start school knowing significantly fewer words than their better-off peers，will struggle for years to make up that ground.
Previous studies have shown that wealthier，educated parents talk to their young children more，using more complex vocabulary and sentences，than parents of lesser means. And these differences may help explain why richer kids start school with richer vocabularies. But what goes on before children can talk. during that phase--familiar to any parent--when communication takes the form of pointing，waving，grabbing and other kinds of baby sign language? Do well--off parents also gesture more to their kids?
Indeed they do，say psychologists Susan Gold in-Meadow and Meredith Rowe of the University of Chicago. The researchers found that at 14 months of age, babies already showed a wide range of “speaking” ability through gestures, and that those differences were closely linked with their socioeconomic back ground and how frequently their parents used gestures to communicate. High-income，better-educated parents gestured more frequently to their children to convey meaning and new concepts, and in turn，their kids gestured more to them. When researchers tested the same children at 54 months of age, they found that those early gesturers turned out to have better vocabulary ability than other students.
At 14 months of age, researches say, pointing toward an object is the way most kids use gestures. If a parent responds to that gesture by identifying the object in words—by saying，  “That’s a doll，”for example--children get a head start on growing their original vocabularies.“That’s a teachable moment. And mothers are teaching the kids the word for an object.” says Gold in-Meadow.

Psychologists have found that children’s language ability largely depends on __________.
A．their family’s socioeconomic background
B．their successful performance in school
C．their education background before school
D．their own personality


2、听录音,回答题

A． He suffered from mental illness. 
B． He bought The Washington Post.
C． He turned a failing newspaper into a success.
D． He was once a reporter for a major newspaper.


3、Questions are based on the following passage.
A total of 1.3 million square kilometers of the country was36 __ by 37 __ haze, covering most parts of northern and eastern China, according to the Ministry of Environmental Protection, which graded the air quality of Beijing as level 6, indicating "serious pollution. "
The Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau noted that unfavorable meteorological conditions,38 __ a lack of wind, were a direct cause of the heavy haze, which has hit north China for at least the fourth time this winter.
Agitated by the39 __ smog, many picked out the country's twomajor oil giants--State-owned China National Petroleum Corporation and China'Petrochemical Corporation as the main "  40  __  " for the pollution after reading reports analyzing how the oil Chinese automobiles consume has badly polluted the air.
According to a diagram on sohu.com, the standard of China's petroleum is greatly  41 __ to that of the U.S. and Europe. It pointed out that China is the world's largest buyer of "bad-quality" crude and the gasoline has a high content of sulfur due to insufficient investment in  42 __ technology.
The report soon  43 __ a massive online uproar after being forwarded by some Weibo celebrities."The smog was caused by diverse reasons. Oil is just one of the factors contributing to the issue," Lu Dapeng, a spokesperson for Sinopec.
Han Xiaoping, an energy industry analyst, told that the burning of coal in winter, and not vehicle emissions, was the main contributor to air pollution.
"Last year, the44 __ of coal increased by over 20 million tons in Beijing compared with that in2011, as compared to the 2.5 billion tons nationwide," said Han, noting that by contrast, the consumption of oil grew by 30 million tons across the nation. He suggested that the restructuring of energy consumption would be an effective way of solving the problem, such as using natural gas and nuclear power as  45 __ for coal.
A．culprits
B．solutions
C．inferior
D．refining
E．alternatives
F．enveloped
G．sum
H．refined
I．deteriorating
J．superior
K．triggered
L．dense
M．leads to
N．namely
O．consumption
第(36)题应填__________


4、听录音,回答题

A．To keep fish alive.
B．To punish criminals..
C． To help heal wounds.
D． To preserve dead bodies.


5、 根据以下资料，回答题：
Questions 61 to 65 are based on thefollowingpassage．
Milleunials(千禧一代)have a reputation for being pretty savvy(聪慧的)with technology and social media——not to mention their finances----一but today’s young adults are clueless when it comes to knowledge of their credit．
A new study conducted by the Consumer Federation of America and VantageScore Solutions finds that 18-34 year-olds lag behind older Americans on credit knowledge．Not that older generations are whiz kids when it comes to credit——just over 40％of consumers surveyed even know what their credit score measures，for instance—but millennials have the dubious distinction(区别)of being even less-informed than other age groups．
Only around half of milleunials have ever even bothered to order a free copy of their credit report，as compared to about three．quarters of older people surveyed．
They’re more likely to think age plays a role in credit scoring，that the government keeps track of consumer credit data and that credit repair services can legitimately fix your credit(by and large，they Can’t)．And while most of them know that a lot of credit card debt，declaring bankruptcy and missing payments can affect their credit，only 6％got everything fight when they picked from a list of factors that could potentially impact their score．
Young adults have a pretty poor grasp on how far-reaching this impact is：Only 1 8 percent knew that utility companies，cell phone carders，mortgage lenders and home insurers，landlords and credit card companies can all use a consumer’s credit when doing business with them．
They’re also unaware of the financial consequences of bad credit．just 1 5％knew that a bad credit score could cost more than$5，000 in higher interest payments over the life of a car loan．
One factor that seems to make a difference in how much credit knowledge people have is whether or not．mey’ve actually goRen their free credit report(if you’re one of the many who haven’t，you can do so at annualcreditreport．corn)．Interestingly,
people who got their credit reports knew more than those who had just gotten their credit scores．
“Those who are interested in their credit reports are probably also interested in their credit scores．”CFA executive director Stephen Brobeck says in a statement．“It’s so easy to go online and get your free reports that this action likely motivates people to learn more about credit scores．”
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。．
What does the word“whiz kids”mean(Line 3．Para．2)?
A．Children who are very naughty．
B．Children who are a little dull．
C．Children who are extraordinarily smart．
D．Children who quite sensitive．


6、 回答题
    Here’s a case study for would-be MBAs to consider：the success of H Mart．an international supermarket chain based in New Jersey(the“H”in H Mart stands for Han Ah Reum．which means“one arm full of groceries”in Korean)．Tlle first H Mart opened in Queens，New York in 1982，as a corner shop．Now there are stores in 11 states，Canada and Britain．A new one recently opened in Cambridge．
    Massachusetts，an affluent city outside Boston．
    The future looks bright for Asian supermarkets like H Mart．Eamings of Asian-American households outpace the American average．Their spending exceeds all other groups，too，according to Geoscape，a consultancy．And they spend more of their money on groceries than the average America household．But Asian delicacies can be hard to come by：few Americans are likely to see durian or bamboo shoots in their local shop．Some specialty ingredients are only to be found at a premium(高价)in up-market grocery stores，or miles away,in ethnic markets in older Asian neighborhpods．
    Americans have developed greater appetite for cooking and eating Asian foods，t00．In 2012 non．restaurant sales of Asian foods topped $1．5 billion，according to Mintel Group．a market．research firm．Though Latin foods are a bigger market，the popularity of Asian foods is growing faster．Once strange．seeming imports like seaweed and sashimi are now fashionable eats．Though the rate of growth is expected to fall，sales are likely to keep rising．
    Yet most Asian grocers have not made efforts to reach new customers，says Jeffrey Cohen，an analyst at IBIS World,an industries watcher．Many shops are located in minority enclaves，and do little to market themselves to other Americans．Cramped car parks and dingy interiors fend off customers used to the bright fluorescence(荧光)of mainstream supermarkets．Ingredients labeled with poorly-translated English Can leave shoppers bamed．
    A few Asian grocery chains have caught on，opening stores in more diverse suburbs，paying attention to cosmetic niceties(细节)and marketing more widely．Other than H Mart，there are Califomian chains such as 99 Ranch Market and Shun Fat Supermarket，which have been expanding to the American southwest．The former was even featured in a humorous YouTube music vide—“Asians Eat Weird Things”—which has attracted more than 900，000 hits．Those weird things may not seem so weird after all．

What makes the future ofAsian supermarkets so bright?
A．High income and spending ofAsian-AmeriCalls．
B．High income ofAsians and unreachable Asian foods in local American shops．
C．High expenditures of Asians on grocery．
D．Low earnings of the other groups．


7、回答题
A．Brain chips mean we are struggling to distinguish our own thoughts from ideas implanted by advertisers．Self-driving cars restrict old．school human drivers to special recreation parks．And the optimal(的)number offingers is 12．5．
B．Confused?It’s a vision of the world in 25 years，as dreamed up by today’s researchers in computer-human interaction(CHI)．
C． CHI normally means investigating better ways for people to interact with devices we have now,but last week attendees at the annual conference in Toront0，Canada，got ahead of themselves．They created an imaginary conference agenda for 2039 that predicts the kinds of challenges we will face with future computers--many of which will be implanted．
D．“It’s meant to be sort of the fringes(边缘)of human--computer interaction research，what’s really edgy or provocative，”says Eric Baumer of Cornell University in Ithaca，New York，who dreamed up the idea of the conference．“There’s a lot of retrospective thinking about the past，but there’s not as much thinking about what are the futures toward which we think we’re working．”
E．We used the abstracts to create a list of the questions we—or more accurately．our cyborg descendants--might have about computers in 2039．
Is it weird when my organs talk to each other?
F．In an abstract entitled“My liver and my kidney compared notes”，IBM researcher Michael Muller,based in Cambridge，Massachusetts，looks at what happens when the implanted monitors on people’s intemal organs—a network he calls Arterionet--are able to share data and pool knowledge to offer enhanced health tips．
G．His conclusion：“While most users were skeptical．many users proposed additional features that could lead to greater acceptance and compliance with such recommendations．”
H．It’s worth thinking about how people might deal with health tips from organ monitors．Wearable technology that tracks your activity or your health status is slowly gaining popularity while researchers earlier this year implanted power-generating silicone strips on the hearts，lungs and diaphragms(横膈膜) of live cows，pigs and sheep．Muller says the biggest challenge to creating Arterionet will be figuring out how to fit the artificial intelligence in a sufficiently small and safe package．
Why do plants need their own Facebook,again?
I．To understand this question，you need to know about Plantastic，the brainchild of Bill Tomlinson and his colleagues at the University of California at Irvine．
J．In their abstract，they reason that to make our food supply more sustainable，it may make sense to grow more fruits and vegetables close to home．But certain crops thrive when they’re grown in large quantities or alongside certain other plants--too tall all order for the average farmer．
K． Enter Plantastic，which would advise what plants would work best for your area and tell you what people in the neighbourhood are growing．Nanochips on plants would feed data back to the site．That information in turn could be used to 1earn more about what grows best in which environment．
L．Assuming people will want to know whether this adds anything，Tomlinson’s team created a fictional(虚构的)study that looks at l o backyard gardens over two growing seasons．It suggests that using Plantastic will increase yields by 4 to 12 percent．
M．Tomlinson’s graduate student Juliet Norton is working on an early version of what the online system might look like．
Autonomous cars have made driving so boring--what shall I do instead?
N．Andreas Riener at the Institute for Pervasive Computing in Linz．Austria，has written an abstract that starts with a bold view of the future：“The first self-driving car cruised on our roads in 2019．Now,20 years after,it is time to review how this innovation has changed our mobility behaviour．”
O． This vision is rooted in a real trend．Self-driving cars have been making headlines for several years now．They are legal to drive in the state of Nevada．and Google’s driverless car has already racked up hundreds of thousands of practice miles．
P． Reiner’s contribution is to explore how this will change us．He predicts that once the robots take the wheel everywhere．many of us will lose interest in driving altogether．Fewer of us will own our own cars．Those who do won’t waste as much time pimping them out or driving around iust for fun．People who still love cars might have to seek their thrills in special“recreation parks”．where they can drive manually in an artificial environment．“If the vehicles of the future are only a means to get from A to B，this car culture would get lost．”he says．
Did I just think up that idea or did an advertiser implant it?
Q．Multiple contributors to CHl 2039 ponder the future of brain implants．Whether it involves capturing input from each of our senses or recording neurons(神经元)directly in the brain，they assume that this one is a question not of if but when．And that could bring opportunities--and challenges．
R．Shachar Maidenbaum of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem，Israel，envisions devices that could record our day-to-day experiences and then allow US to share our memories with one another,revolutionising courts，classrooms，and our social interactions．
S．Daniel Gruen of IBM Research，meanwhile，envisions devices that could prompt your memory when you forget something．一with some darker consequences．“Imagine in the future that you have systems that help you with memory,”he says．“At what point do you start wondering．‘Wait．I’ve had an idea．Is that really mine or is that idea coming from somewhere else?”’
So，what is the ideal number of fingers?
T． Ever strain yourself swiping across your iPhone screen?That problem would go away if you could have an extra thumb surgically(手术地)attached to your hand．
U．That’s the starting point for a fictitious study of l 24 people who have chosen to augment their hands with bionic(仿生的)fingers--on average they have 13．4 digits．Johannes Schfnin9，a computer scientist at Hasselt University in Belgium，even comes to an intriguing conclusion：“The optimal finger count is l 2．5，with six normal—sized fingers on each hand and the dominant hand having an extra half-sized finger that can be moved with 6 degrees of freedom．”
V．It’s entertaining stuff but even SchSning admits that 25 years might not be long enough for this one to appear．

In his article．Michael Muller investigates the consequences of Arterionet’s being capable of sharing information to supply extra strong health advices．

填空题
8、听音频,回答题

Dung the nineteenth century，when little was known about environmentalism and conservation，it was common to hear people in Europe and America say that there sources of the sea（26）_____.They believed the world and nature would continuously reproduce all the resources they would need. For example, a（27）_____ biologist writing in the mid-nineteenth century commented that none of the great sea fisheries were to be（28）_____. Today，though，there is evidence that the resources of the sea are seriously endangered.
（29）_____, environmentalists have focused their attention on the land and air. Recently, however, they are beginning to discover that the resources of the sea are in as much danger. The list of endangered（30）_____ now included herring and crabs as well as the African elephant，Indian tiger, and the American eagle.
Furthermore，the threats to fish are more（31）_____ in some ways than the threats to animals and birds. This is because fish are a much more needed food source，and people（32）_____ depend on fish as an important part of their diet. Hence，a decline in the fish supply could have（33）_____ effects on hunger and population. Fishermen in the North Atlantic alone annually harvest 20 billion pounds of fish to（34）_____ food demand，but the world needs to recognize that these practices cannot continue without depleting fish reserves within the next few years. Rapidly declining sea resources in many parts of the world are problems that cannot be ignored any longer. Unlike the（35）_____ in the nineteenth century，we now know that food supplies in the sea cannot last forever.
第(26)题__________ 


简答题
9、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should
write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
孔子(公元前551～公元前479)，中国历史上伟大的教育家、思想家和政治家，儒家思想(Confucianism)的创始人。他创办私学，招收并教育弟子(disciple)，创立了以“仁”为核心的道德学说。相传他有弟子三千，曾带领部分弟子周游列国。孔子的言论及其与弟子们的对话被汇集编纂成《论语》(Th eAnalects ofConfu—cius)，千古传诵。自汉代以后，儒家思想成为两千多年来中华传统文化的主流，影响极为深远。


10、You should write a short essay entitled No to Pirated Products.
写作导航
1.盗版现象如今十分突出：
2．之所以会出现盗版的原因以及会造成的问题；
3．提出自己的想法。