单项选择题
1、阅读下文，回答题
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Food waste has been a chronic problem for restaurants and grocery stores--with millions of tons lost along the way as crops are hauled hundreds of miles，stored for weeks in refrigerators and prepared on busy restaurant assembly lines. But the historically high price of products is making it an even bigger dragon the bottom line.
Restaurants，colleges，hospitals and other institutions are compensating for the rising costs of waste in novel ways. Some are tracking their trash with software systems，making food in smaller packages or trying to compost（将……制成堆肥）and cut down on trash-hauling costs.
“We have all come to work with this big elephant in the middle of the kitchen，and the elephant is this It’s okay to waste’ belief system，”said Andrew Shackman, president of Lean Path，a company that helps restaurants cut back food waste.
The interest level in cutting food waste “has just skyrocketed in the last six to nine months.” he said.
Roughly 30 percent of food in the United States goes to waste，costing some$48 billion annually，according to a Stockholm International Water Institute study. A University of Arizona study estimated that 40 to 50 percent of food in the United States is wasted. Wholesale food costs have risen more than 8percent this year, the biggest jump in decades，according the National Restaurant Association.
Freshman students at Virginia Tech were surprised this year when they entered two of the campus’s biggest dining halls to find there were no trays.
“You have to go back and get your dishware and your drink，but it’s not that different，”said Caitlin Mewborn, a freshman “It’s not a big trouble. You take less food. and you don’t eat more than you should.”
Getting rid of trays has cut food waste by 38 percent at the dining halls，said Denny Cochrane，manager of Virginia Tech’s sustainability program. Before the program began，students often grabbed whatever looked good at the buffet（自助餐），only to find at the table that their eyes were bigger than their stomachs，he said.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

High price of products makes the problem of food waste __________.
A．less serious
B．more urgent
C．less noticeable
D．more unsolvable


2、
School Lunch
A) Ryan moved silently through the lunch lone．The cook put a cheeseburger(奶酪汉堡)and an apple-sauce cup on his tray．He grabbed a bottle of milk from the cooler at the end of the line and found a seat in the cafeteria(食堂)．Ryan saw that his friend Tyler had brought lunch from home．“What did you bring today，Tyler?”he asked．Tyler pulled his meal out of its brown paper sack．“I've got a ham sandwich，chips，two cupcakes，and a can of soda’’Ryan’s mouth started to water．“Uh，Tyler，”he said．“If you don’t want one of those cupcakes．I'll take it．They sure look good．”Tyler handed Ryan his cupcake．“Sure．”he said．“l won’t eat all this．”
Lunch Requirements
B) Is Ryan eating a healthy meal if he eats the school lunch? School lunch supporters say“Yes．”Recent studies show that a government approved school lunch has more variety and is more nutritious(有营养的) than most lunches brought from home．It's also lower in fat．The National School Lunch Act requires that school lunches go along with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans developed by the government．Meals must contain a variety of foods with plenty of grains and at least one fruit or vegetable each day．Foods must not contain too much sugar or salt．A hot lunch can contain up to 30％fat，but not more than 10％of its calories(卡路里)should come from saturated(饱和的)fat．Inan average week，you should get one third of the daily Recommended Dietary Allowances for proreIn,iron，calcium(钙)，and vitamins A and C from your school lunch．
Dare to Compare
C) Let’s compare Ryan’s and Tyler’s meals to see which is healthier．Ryan’s hot lunch(without the cup-cake from his friend)has 577 calories，25 grams of total fat，and 12 grams of saturated fat．He had one serving of fruit，26 grams of protein，and 483 milligrams of calcium．Ryan ate more total fat(39％)and saturated fat(19％)than the dietary guidelines recommend．However，schools can still meet the guidelines by havmg the numbers average out over a week of lunches．
D) Tyler's lunch from home(this includes both cupcakes)had 1,014 calories，45 grams(40％)of  total fat，and 10 grams(9％)of saturated fat．He ate 21 grams of protein and 155 milligrams of calcium，but no flmits or vegetables．Tyler's meal met the saturated fat guidelines，but had too much total fat．Tyler ate more calories and total fat than Ryan did．Ryan ate more protein，calcium，and fruit than Tyler did．Which meal would you say is the healthier choice?
A la Carte Options’
E) Federal standards and most school districts forbid selling food in the cafeteria that competes with the school lunch．Many programs do，however,offer a la carte choices for students who don’t want the hot meal．Foods sold h la carte are separate from the main meal and are priced individually．These foods do not have to meet the same nutritional standards as the foods on the hot lunch menu．Neither do the foods sold at a snack-bar or those foods available elsewhere in the school．
F) A study in one Texas school district compared the lunches of fourth graders who did not have food choices with those of fifth graders who could choose either a standard lunch or select from a snackbar．The fourth graders ate 25％more fruits and vegetables than the fifth graders．Food sold as fundraisers can also have an impact on school lunch．The money raised is important to provide needed funds for many after-class activities．But the meal’s over all nutritional quauty usually goes down．Many of these foods are high in fat，sugar，or both，and often come in extra-large portions．Fund-fairs rarely sell fruits and vegetables．
Choosing Wisely
G) School food-service programs are trying to please students，and still offer quality，nutritious meals at low cost．That task isn’t easy．One school district in New York decided to do something about it．A student advisory board kept the food-service director up-to-date on what the kids wanted．They also worked with school snack-bars to sell smaller servings of chips and candy．
H) You can make healthy meal choices at school even when not-so-healthy choices are available．You can be sure to get a nutritious meal when you pick foods from the Food Guide Pyramid．For example，always drink milk or a calcium-rich juice for lunch．Even chocolate milk is more nutritious than soda or a sports drink．Stay away from snack foods offered a la carte．They may fill you up now．but the ones that contain a lot of fat and sugar will slow you down later．Always eat the fruits and vegetables offered at the meal．They help give you the energy and vitamins you need to get you through the rest of your school day．Some people like to make fun of school lunches，but good nutrition is no laughing matter．Your school’s hot lunch is based on the Food Guide Pyramid，so it's full of nutrition．Give it a try．You might be pleasantly surprised．
It’s a Team Effort
I) Team Nutrition is a program that gets schools excited about healthy eating．Schools across the nation pick a team leader who develops fun nutrition activities．The leader works with students，teachers，parents，food-service workers，and people from the community．Activities can range from running a school health fair to planting a garden．At the Jordan Community School in Chicago，Illinois，one group of fifth graders showed off their  “pizza(比萨饼)garden”in a big，colorful poster showing vegetarian pizzas．The students and food-service staff planted and took care of the vegetables that they would later use as ingredients on their pizzas．The group started growing the plants in the school’s cafeteria．Then they moved them outdoors to the students’ demonstration garden．This is just one way to get everyone involved in making school lunch healthy and fun．
Team up with your own group and see how creative you can get．
Tyler's home-prepared meal meets the Dietary Guidelines for Americans in terms of saturated fat．


3、听录音,回答题

A．He owned a small retail business in Michigan years ago．
B．He worked at the Brownstone Company for several years．
C．He has been working part-time in a school near Detroit．
D．He has taught Spanish for a couple of years at a local school．


4、听录音,回答题

A．Some new problems in her work．
B．Cooperation with an international bank．
C．Her chance for promotion in the bank． 
D．Her intention to leave her present job．


5、Questions are based on the following passage.
Small increases in temperature found to add power to storms in the Atlantic.
Hurricanes that form in the Atlantic Ocean are expected to gain considerable strength as the global
temperature continues to rise, a new study has found.
Using modeling data focused on the conditions in which hurricanes form, a group of international re- searchers based at Beijing Normal University found that for every 1.8~F(1~C) rise of the Earth's temper- ature, the number of hurricanes in the Atlantic that are as strong or stronger than Hurricane Katrina will increase twofold to sevenfold.
 Hurricane strength is directly related to the heat of the water where the storm forms. More water va- por in the air from evaporating ocean water adds fuel to hnricanes--also called cyclones and typhoons in different parts of the world--that build strength and head toward land.
 Hurricane Katrina is widely considered the measure for a destructive storm, holding the maximum Category 5 designation for a full 24 hours in late August 2005. It lost strength as it passed over the Flori- da Peninsula, but gained destructive power right before colliding with New Orleans, killing more than200 people and causing $ 80 billion in damage.
 The study points to a gradual increase of Katrina-like events. The warming experienced over the 20th century doubled the number of such debilitating storms. But the ongoing warming of the planet into the 21st century could increase the frequency of the worst kinds of storms by 700 percent, threatening coast- lines along the Atlantic Ocean with multiple Category 5 storms every year.
 "Our results support the idea that changes in regional sea surface temperatures is the primary cause of hurricane variability," said Aslak Girnstead, a researcher with the Center for Ice and Climate at the Uni- versity of Copenhagen. The large impact of small sea-surface temperature increases was more than Girn- stead and his colleagues had anticipated. The entire study was published in the Proceedings of the Nation- al Academy of Sciences.
 Global temperatures have steadily increased, making the past decade the warmest on record. Earlier this year, climate researchers reported that the Earth's temperatures have risen faster in the last century than at any point since the last ice age, 11,300 years ago. The primary cause, a consensus of scientists has said, is the rising emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane.
 Past hurricanes have supported the study's finding that global temperature rise is linked to more de- structive storms. According to the National Center for Atmospheric Research, while the frequency of storms doesn'.t appear to have increased, the percentage of strong ones has risen sharply over the past few decades. The trend may be similar further back in time, but comprehensive hurricane data doesn't exist.
According to the team of international researchers based at Beijing Normal University, the rise of the Earth's temperature is likely to cause
A． the coming of ice age
B． less intense hurricanes
C． more Katrina-like or worse hurricanes
D． more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere


6、根据材料，回答问题。
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA．,B．, C． and D．. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

A．Electric cars.
B．Increasing fuel efficiency.
C．California's pollution laws.
D．Automobile safety.


填空题
7、阅读下文，回答题
It’s well known that big animals，like polar bears，are sensitive to climate change. The Earth warms，polar ice（26）_____，and the bears are out of luck. The same goes for tigers，sea lions，elephants. As the globe heats up and natural environments change，all big creatures are potentially（27）_____.
But what about insects? Some may be able to（28）_____ just about anywhere. But most insects are just as sensitive to climate change as their larger，more beloved animal（29）_____.
What’s more，insects are arguably more important than large mammals，（30）_____ speaking. While several thousand polar bears wander the arctic，untold billions of insects live in virtually everywhere on Earth. And they’re（31）_____ in every ecosystem. For example，many of the world’s crops and other plants rely on insects for pollination（授粉）.In forests，insects help break down dead trees and prepare the soil for new growth. And there are the animals，like birds，that（32）_____ insects.
So how exactly will global warming affect insects? We don’t really know. Some may go extinct. Others could migrate to cooler regions and（33）_____ native insect species there. And this could have all sorts of important implications for crops and entire ecosystems.
What we do know is that because insects can’t（34）_____ their body temperature to the same degree as mammals，they’re particularly sensitive to climate change. It’s hard to（35）_____ what will happen to insects as the Earth warms. But it looks like we’re about to find out.
第(26)题__________ 


简答题
8、饺子（Jiaozi）是人们在中国新年及北方常年吃的主要食物之一。饺子的发音听起来与早的纸币的名字相似。所以吃饺子被认为会带来幸运。很多家庭在除夕夜吃饺子。有些厨师会藏一枚干净的硬币，让幸运的人找到它。常见的饺子肉馅包括猪肉、牛肉、鸡肉以及鱼肉，这些肉馅通常会与切碎的蔬菜混合在一起。吃饺子时拌有包含醋、大蒜或辣椒酱（hot sauce）的以酱油（soy sauce）为基础的沾酱（dipping sauce）。

9、听录音,回答题
Many college students today own personal computers that cost anywhere from $1,000 to perhaps$5,000 or more． (26)       , it is not uncommon for them to purehase (27)
        costing another several hundred dollars． Twenty years ago, computers were (28), butthey were very large and extremely expensive． Few, if any, (29)   purchased computersfor home use． Over the years, the price of the"guts" of a computerits memoryhas declined to lessthan a thousandth of the price per unit of memory that prevailed twenty yeats ago． This is the mainreason why computers cost so much less today than they used to． Moreover, (30)       improvements have made it possible to (31)       memory circuitry that is small enough to fitinto the portable personal computers that many of us own and use． (32)       , as the priceof computation has declined the average consumer and business have spent more on purchasingcomputers．(33)       , improved agricultural technology, hybrid seeds, (34)        animal breeding, and so on have vastly increased the amount of output a typical farmer can produce．The prices of goods such as meats and grains have fallen sharply relative to the prices of most othergoods and services． As agricultural, prices have "fallen, many households have decreased their totalexpenses on food． Even though the (35)        of a product purchased generally increaseswhen its price falls, total expenses on it may decline．
第(26)题__________

10、环顾我们周围的一切东西：教室里的椅子、桌子、柜子、纸张和钢笔，大街上的汽车、自行车和公共汽车，农村里的树木、植物和动物，天空中的飞鸟、飞机和云彩，海洋中的鱼类、海藻和珊瑚(corals)，外层空间的星星、月亮和太阳，这些和所有其他东西，包括人体在内，都是物质(matter)的实例。凡是占有空间和具有重量的东西都是物质。