2015年英语四级考试每日一练(10月26日)
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单项选择题
1、听录音,回答题
A． She is both a popular and a highly respected author．
B． She is the most loved Afcan novelist of all times
C． She is the most influential author Since the 1930's．
D． She is the first writer to focus on 'the fate of slaves．
2、听录音,回答题
A． Ignore small details while reading．
B． Read at least several chapters at one sitting．
C． Develop a habit of reading critically．
D． Get key information by reading just once or twice．
3、Questions are based on the following passage.
In 1950, a young man would have found it much easier than it is today to get and keep a job in the auto industry. And in that year the average autoworker could meet monthly mortgage (抵押贷款)payments on an average home with just 13.4 percent of his take-home pay. Today a similar mortgage would claim more than twice that share of his monthly earnings.
Other members of the autoworker's family, however, might be less inclined to trade the present for the past. His retired parents would certainly have had less economic security back then. Throughout much of the 1960s, more than a quarter of men and women age 65 and older lived below the poverty level, compared to less than 10 percent in 2010.
In most states, his wife could not have taken out a loan or a credit card in her own name. In 42 states, a homemaker had no legal claim on the earnings of her husband. And nowhere did a wife have legal protection against family violence.
Most black workers would not want to return to a time when, on average, they earned 40 percent less than their white counterparts (职位相对的人), while racially restrictive agreements largely prevented them from buying into the suburban neighborhoods being built for white working-class families.
Today, new problems have emerged in the process of resolving old ones, but the solution is not to go back to the past. Some people may long for an era when divorce was still hard to come by. The spread of no-fault divorce has reduced the bargaining power of whichever spouse is more interested in continuing the relationship. And the breakup of such marriages has caused pain for many families.
The growing diversity of family life comes with new possibilities as well as new challenges. Accord-ing to a recent poll, more than 80 percent of Americans believe that their current family is as close as the one in which they grew up, or closer. Finding ways to improve the lives of the remaining 20 percent seems more realistic than trying to restore an imaginary golden age.
What do we learn about American autoworkers in 1950?
A． They had less job security than they do today.
B． It was not too difficult for them to buy a house.
C． Their earnings were worth twice as much as today.
D． They were better off than workers in other industries.
4、听录音,回答题
A． It is especially attractive to children and the young.
B． It is the first choice of vacationers on the Continent.
C． It is as comfortable as living in a permanent house.
D． It is an inexpensive way .of spending a holiday.
5、Questions are based on the following passage.
Romantic love has clear evolutionary roots but our views about what makes an ideal romanticrelationship can be swayed by the society we．live in．So says psychologist Maureen O'Sullivan from theUniversity of San Francisco．She suggests that humans have always tried to strengthen the pair-bond tomaximise (使化) reproductive success.
Many societies throughout history and around the world today have cultivated strong pressures tostay married．In those where ties to family and commtmity are strong, lifelong marriages can bepromoted by practices such as the cultural prohibition of divorce and arranged marriages that are seenas a contract between two families, not just two individuals．In modern western societies, however, thefocus on ndividuality and independence means that people are less concerned about conforming to (遵守 ) the dictates of family and culture．In the absence of societal pressures to maintain pair-bonds,O'Sullivan suggests that romantic love has increasingly come to be seen as the factor that shoulddetermine who we stay with and for how long．"That's why historically we see an increase in romantic love as a basis for forming long-term relationships," she says.
According to O'Sullivan culture also shapes the sorts of feelings we expect to have, and actually doexperience, when in love．Although the negative emotions associated with romantic love-fear of loss,disappointment and jealousy-are fairly consistent across cultures, the positive feelings can vary． "If youask Japanese students to list the positive attributes they expect in a romantic partner, they rate highlythings like loyalty, commitment and devotion," says O'Sullivan． "If you ask American college women,they expect everything under the sun: in addition to being committed, partners have to be amusing,funny and a friend."
We judge a potential partner according to our specific cultural expectations about what romanticlove should feel like．If you believe that you have found true romance, and your culture tells you thatthis is what a long-term relationship should be based on, there is less need to rely on social or familypressures to keep couples together, O'Sullivan argues.
What does the author say about people's views of an ideal romantic relationship?
A．They vary from culture to culture.
B．They ensure the reproductive success.
C．They reflect the evolutionary process.
D．They are influenced by psychologists.
6、听录音,回答题
A．Alcohol helps develop people's intelligence.
B．Heavy drinking is not necessarily harmful to one's health.
C．Controlled drinking helps people keep their wits as they age.
D．Drinking, even moderately, may harm one's health.
简答题
7、听录音,回答题
More and more of the world's population are living in towns or cities. The speed at which cities are growing in the less developed countries is (26)__________. Between 1920 and 1960 big cities in developed countries increased two and a half times in size, but in other parts of the world the growth was eight times their size.
The (27) __________size of growth is bad enough, but there are now also very disturb-ing signs of trouble in the (28)__________ of percentages of people living in towns and per-centages of people working in industry. During the nineteenth century cities grew(29)__________ the growth of industry. In Europe the proportion of people living in citiesWasalwayssmallerthanthatoftheworkForceworkingin
factories.Now,however,the(30) __________ is almost always tree in the newly industrialised world: the percentage of people living in cities is much higher than the percentage working in industry.
Without a base of people working in industry, these cities cannot(31) __________their growth;thereis not enough money tobuildadequatehousesfor thepeoplethatlivethere,(32)__________ the new arrivals. There has been little opportunity to build water supplies orother (33) __________ So,thefiguresforthegrowthoftownsandcities(34)__________ proportional growth of unemployment and underemployment, a growth in the number of hopeless and (35)__________ parents and starving children.
第(26)题__________
8、听录音，回答题
Coal has not been used very extensively as an energy source recently. However，it(26)_____
will become a very important source of energy in the future because of dwindling(27) _____ of natural gas and oil. Although coal(28)_____ to be black，it actually has black，yellow，orange，and red bands of color when it is examined under a powerful microscope. Coal probably was formed about 300 million years ago by(29) _____ trees and other plant life growing in(30) _____. These trees and plants died and then fell into the water. They contained the elements oxygen，hydrogen, and(31) _____. As the earth changed its(32) _____, the weight of the ground(33) _____ down on the flees and plants. Thus seams of coal were formed.
Coal can be(34) _____underground mines found deep in the earth or from strip mines which are found near the earth’s surface. Strip lIlining is quicker and safer than underground mining，but it can leave the surface of the earth bare and ugly. Although miners still are needed in any coal mining operation, today heavy machinery does much of the hard work. While both underground and strip mines still call be hazardous, there no longer are as many accidents in coal mining as there once were. The coal miners of today(35) _____the union to which they belong the United Mine Workers of America. Many of today’s coal miners are earning good wages in an occupation which is quite sat)and very important.
第(26)题__________
9、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essayon the topic of reserving a seat in college classrooms. You should start youressay with a brief account of the phenotnenon reserving a seat in collegeclassrooms and then explain the defects it may cause. You should write atloner 120 words but no more than 180 words.
10、 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the topic of the advantages and disadvantages of keeping pets.You should state your viewpoint on the topic and write at least 120 wordsbut no more than 180 words.
1、听录音,回答题
A． She is both a popular and a highly respected author．
B． She is the most loved Afcan novelist of all times
C． She is the most influential author Since the 1930's．
D． She is the first writer to focus on 'the fate of slaves．
2、听录音,回答题
A． Ignore small details while reading．
B． Read at least several chapters at one sitting．
C． Develop a habit of reading critically．
D． Get key information by reading just once or twice．
3、Questions are based on the following passage.
In 1950, a young man would have found it much easier than it is today to get and keep a job in the auto industry. And in that year the average autoworker could meet monthly mortgage (抵押贷款)payments on an average home with just 13.4 percent of his take-home pay. Today a similar mortgage would claim more than twice that share of his monthly earnings.
Other members of the autoworker's family, however, might be less inclined to trade the present for the past. His retired parents would certainly have had less economic security back then. Throughout much of the 1960s, more than a quarter of men and women age 65 and older lived below the poverty level, compared to less than 10 percent in 2010.
In most states, his wife could not have taken out a loan or a credit card in her own name. In 42 states, a homemaker had no legal claim on the earnings of her husband. And nowhere did a wife have legal protection against family violence.
Most black workers would not want to return to a time when, on average, they earned 40 percent less than their white counterparts (职位相对的人), while racially restrictive agreements largely prevented them from buying into the suburban neighborhoods being built for white working-class families.
Today, new problems have emerged in the process of resolving old ones, but the solution is not to go back to the past. Some people may long for an era when divorce was still hard to come by. The spread of no-fault divorce has reduced the bargaining power of whichever spouse is more interested in continuing the relationship. And the breakup of such marriages has caused pain for many families.
The growing diversity of family life comes with new possibilities as well as new challenges. Accord-ing to a recent poll, more than 80 percent of Americans believe that their current family is as close as the one in which they grew up, or closer. Finding ways to improve the lives of the remaining 20 percent seems more realistic than trying to restore an imaginary golden age.
What do we learn about American autoworkers in 1950?
A． They had less job security than they do today.
B． It was not too difficult for them to buy a house.
C． Their earnings were worth twice as much as today.
D． They were better off than workers in other industries.
4、听录音,回答题
A． It is especially attractive to children and the young.
B． It is the first choice of vacationers on the Continent.
C． It is as comfortable as living in a permanent house.
D． It is an inexpensive way .of spending a holiday.
5、Questions are based on the following passage.
Romantic love has clear evolutionary roots but our views about what makes an ideal romanticrelationship can be swayed by the society we．live in．So says psychologist Maureen O'Sullivan from theUniversity of San Francisco．She suggests that humans have always tried to strengthen the pair-bond tomaximise (使化) reproductive success.
Many societies throughout history and around the world today have cultivated strong pressures tostay married．In those where ties to family and commtmity are strong, lifelong marriages can bepromoted by practices such as the cultural prohibition of divorce and arranged marriages that are seenas a contract between two families, not just two individuals．In modern western societies, however, thefocus on ndividuality and independence means that people are less concerned about conforming to (遵守 ) the dictates of family and culture．In the absence of societal pressures to maintain pair-bonds,O'Sullivan suggests that romantic love has increasingly come to be seen as the factor that shoulddetermine who we stay with and for how long．"That's why historically we see an increase in romantic love as a basis for forming long-term relationships," she says.
According to O'Sullivan culture also shapes the sorts of feelings we expect to have, and actually doexperience, when in love．Although the negative emotions associated with romantic love-fear of loss,disappointment and jealousy-are fairly consistent across cultures, the positive feelings can vary． "If youask Japanese students to list the positive attributes they expect in a romantic partner, they rate highlythings like loyalty, commitment and devotion," says O'Sullivan． "If you ask American college women,they expect everything under the sun: in addition to being committed, partners have to be amusing,funny and a friend."
We judge a potential partner according to our specific cultural expectations about what romanticlove should feel like．If you believe that you have found true romance, and your culture tells you thatthis is what a long-term relationship should be based on, there is less need to rely on social or familypressures to keep couples together, O'Sullivan argues.
What does the author say about people's views of an ideal romantic relationship?
A．They vary from culture to culture.
B．They ensure the reproductive success.
C．They reflect the evolutionary process.
D．They are influenced by psychologists.
6、听录音,回答题
A．Alcohol helps develop people's intelligence.
B．Heavy drinking is not necessarily harmful to one's health.
C．Controlled drinking helps people keep their wits as they age.
D．Drinking, even moderately, may harm one's health.
简答题
7、听录音,回答题
More and more of the world's population are living in towns or cities. The speed at which cities are growing in the less developed countries is (26)__________. Between 1920 and 1960 big cities in developed countries increased two and a half times in size, but in other parts of the world the growth was eight times their size.
The (27) __________size of growth is bad enough, but there are now also very disturb-ing signs of trouble in the (28)__________ of percentages of people living in towns and per-centages of people working in industry. During the nineteenth century cities grew(29)__________ the growth of industry. In Europe the proportion of people living in citiesWasalwayssmallerthanthatoftheworkForceworkingin
factories.Now,however,the(30) __________ is almost always tree in the newly industrialised world: the percentage of people living in cities is much higher than the percentage working in industry.
Without a base of people working in industry, these cities cannot(31) __________their growth;thereis not enough money tobuildadequatehousesfor thepeoplethatlivethere,(32)__________ the new arrivals. There has been little opportunity to build water supplies orother (33) __________ So,thefiguresforthegrowthoftownsandcities(34)__________ proportional growth of unemployment and underemployment, a growth in the number of hopeless and (35)__________ parents and starving children.
第(26)题__________
8、听录音，回答题
Coal has not been used very extensively as an energy source recently. However，it(26)_____
will become a very important source of energy in the future because of dwindling(27) _____ of natural gas and oil. Although coal(28)_____ to be black，it actually has black，yellow，orange，and red bands of color when it is examined under a powerful microscope. Coal probably was formed about 300 million years ago by(29) _____ trees and other plant life growing in(30) _____. These trees and plants died and then fell into the water. They contained the elements oxygen，hydrogen, and(31) _____. As the earth changed its(32) _____, the weight of the ground(33) _____ down on the flees and plants. Thus seams of coal were formed.
Coal can be(34) _____underground mines found deep in the earth or from strip mines which are found near the earth’s surface. Strip lIlining is quicker and safer than underground mining，but it can leave the surface of the earth bare and ugly. Although miners still are needed in any coal mining operation, today heavy machinery does much of the hard work. While both underground and strip mines still call be hazardous, there no longer are as many accidents in coal mining as there once were. The coal miners of today(35) _____the union to which they belong the United Mine Workers of America. Many of today’s coal miners are earning good wages in an occupation which is quite sat)and very important.
第(26)题__________
9、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essayon the topic of reserving a seat in college classrooms. You should start youressay with a brief account of the phenotnenon reserving a seat in collegeclassrooms and then explain the defects it may cause. You should write atloner 120 words but no more than 180 words.
10、 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the topic of the advantages and disadvantages of keeping pets.You should state your viewpoint on the topic and write at least 120 wordsbut no more than 180 words.
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