定义法

定义法是指扩展段落时，解释词、短语或给各种事物和概念下定义，以解释和阐明某个概念的本质特征，说明段落的中心思想，从而达到作者陈述论证或反驳某一观点的目的。

【例10】What then, is generation gap? Generation gap refers to the distance and contradiction between the old and the young. It‘s a common phenomenon that exists everywheere in the world and influendes both the old and they young. Generally speaking, generation gap resuls in different enderstanding and appreciation of the great and oxnstant changes of the world, different reaction to new things, and different attitudes to traditonal principles and belief.【点评】本段采用定义法，从不同角度阐释说明了主题句中的概念generation gap。段中先对这个词组进行概括性的解释，然后又表明了它的广泛存在以及导致的结果，清楚地阐明了概念，充分地表达了内涵。

3-4-5 归类法归类法是指按照人物、事物的不同特点，性能进行分别归类而展开段落的写作方法。在归类时要注意描写事物的不同类别。不能把类别不同的事物交错、混杂在一起。

【例10】 Speeding is now the most common motoring offence in Britain。Offences for speeding fall into two classes：exceeding the！imiton restricted road， exceeding on any road．A restricted road isone where the street lamps are 200 yards apart，or more。

【点评】本段将超速者分为两类，对两类超速者的特点分别加以描述，使段落清晰流畅。

【例11】There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best sellers unread, untouched. (This deluded individual owns woodpush and link, not books. ) The secondhas a great many books-a few of them read through, most ofthem dipped into, but all of them as clean and shiny as the daythey were bought. (This person would probably like to makebooks his own, but is restrained by a false respect for their physical appearance. ) The third has a few books or many -everyone of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and loosened bycontinual use, marked and scribbled in front to back. (This manowns books. )【点评】本段运用归类法把三种不同藏书者的形态栩栩如生地展现出来，条理非常清楚，有很强的连贯性。

学位英语:2014年学位英语考试报名考试大纲 复习专题/资料下载/真题