单项选择题
1、听音频：
根据听到的内容，回答题。

A．He always has his own ideas．
B．He makes decisions all by himself．
C．He lets his parents make big decisions for him．
D．He lets his parents make all the decisions for him．


2、根据下列材料，请回答题：
Experts in the food industry are thinking a lot about trash these days. Food waste has been a serious problem for restaurants and grocery stores—with millions of tons lost along the way as crops are hauled hundreds of miles, stored for weeks in refrigerators and prepared on busy restaurant assembly lines. Restaurants, colleges, hospitals and other institutions are compensating for the rising costs of waste in novel ways. "We have all come to work with this big elephant in the middle of the kitchen, and he elephant is this ' It's okay to waste' belief system," said Andrew Shackman, president of LeanPath. A company that helps restaurants cut back food waste. Freshman students at Virginia Tech were surprised this year when they entered two of the campus’s biggest dining halls to find there were no cafeteria trays. “ You have to go back and get your silverware and your drink, but it's not that different,” said Caitlin Mew born, a freshman. “It's not a big deal. You take less food, and you don't eat more than you should. ” Getting rid of trays has cut food waste by 38 percent at the cafeterias, said Denny Cochrane, manager of Virginia Tech's sustainability program. Before the program began, students often grabbed whatever looked good at the buffet (自助餐), only to food at the table that their eyes were bigger than their stomachs, he said.

According to the first paragraph,
A． lots of food are wasted as crops are hauled from far away
B． food waste is the most serious problems for restaurants and stores
C． experts put forward many proposals to solve the issue of trash
D． .busy restaurant assembly lines produce millions of tons of trash


3、根据以下资料，回答题：
The Case for Killing Granny
A．My mother wanted to die，but the doctors wouldn't let her．At least that’s the way it seemed to me as I stood by her bed hi an intensive—care unit,at a hospital in Hilton Head，S．C，five years ago．My mother was 79，a longtime smoker who was dying of emphysema(肺气肿)．She knew that her quality of life was increasingly tied to an oxygen tank。That she was losing her ability to get about，and that she was slowly drowning，The doctors at her bedside were contrarotating various tests and procedures to keep her alive．but my mother．with a certain firmness I recognized，said no。She seemed puzzled and a bit frustrated that she had to be so insistent on her own death．
B．The hospital at my mother's assisted—living facility was sustained by Medicare，which pays by the procedure．I don’t think the doctors were trying to be greedy by pushing more treatments on my- mother．That’s just the way the system works．The doctors were responding to the expectations of almost all patients．As a doctor friend of mine puts it．“Americans want the best，they want the latest，
and they want it now．”we expect doctors to make heroic efforts-especially to save our lives and the fives of our loved ones。
C．The idea that we might ration health care to seniors(or lonely elsE． is political curse．Politicians do not dare breathe the word，lest they be accused-however wrongly-of trying to pull the plug on
Grandma．But the need to spend less money on the elderly at the end of life is the elephant in the room in the health,reform debate．Everyone sees it but no one wants to talk about it．At a more basic level．
Americans are afraid not just of dyin9．but of talking and thinking about death．Until Americans learn to regard death as more than a scientific challenge to be overcoat，our health—care system will remain unfixable．
D．Compared with other Western countries，the United States has more health care—but，generally
speakin9，not better health care．There is no way we can get control of costs，which have grown by nearly 50 percent in the past decade。without finding a way to stop over eating patients．In his address to Congress，President,Obama spoke airily about reducing inefficiency。but he slid past the hard choices t：hat will have to be made to stop health care from devouring ever-larger slices of the economy and tax dollar．A significant portion of the savings will have to come from the money we spend on seniors at the end of life because，as Willie Sutton explained about why he rubbed banks，that’s where the money’is．
E．As President Ob mna said．most of the uncontrolled growth in federal spending and the deficit cones from Medicare；nothing else comes close．Almost a third of the money spent by Medicare…about $66.8 bi]lion a year-goes to chronically ill patients in the last，two years of life．This might seem obvious…of smartarse the Costs come at the end，when patients are the sickest．But that can’t explain what researchers at Dartmouth have discovered：Medicare spends twice as much on similar patients in sonic parts of the country as hi others．The average cost of a Medicare patient in Miami is$1 6．351：the average in Honolulu is $5，311．In the．Bronx，N．Y．，it’s $12，543。In Far90，N．D．$5，738．1ittle average Medicare patient,undergoing end—of-life treatment spends 2 1。9 days in a blam_hat tan hospital．In Mason City，Iowa，he or she spends only 6．1 days．
F．An this treatment does not necessarily buy better care．In fact。the Dartmouth studies have found
worse outcomes in many states and cities where there is more health care．Why?Because just+going Into the hospital has risks-of infection，or error，or other lm foreseen complications．Some studies estimate that Americas are over treated by roughly 30 percent．—It's not about rationing care-that’s always the bogeyman(魔鬼)people use to block reform，”says Dr．Elliott Fisher，a professor’at Dartmouth Medical School．“The real problem．is unnecessary and unwanted care．”
G．But how do you decide which treatments to cut out?How do you choose between the necessary and the unnecessary?There has been talk among experts and lawmakers of giving more power to a panel of government experts to decide-Britain has one，called the National Institute for Health and Clinical
Excellence(known by the somewhat ironic acronym NICE．．But no one wants the horror stories of
denied care and long waits that are said to plague state—run national health·care systems．After the summer of angry town halls，no politician is going to get anywhere near something that could be called a“death panel”．
H．Ever-rising health—care spending now consumes about l7 percent of the economy，At the current rote of increase。it will devour a fifth of GDP by 2018。We cannot afford to sustain a productive economy with so much．money going to health care．Over tinle，economic reality may force us to adopt a
national health·care system like Britain’s or Canada's．But before that day arrives，there are stops we can take to reduce costs without totally turning the system inside out．
I．Other initiatives ensure that the elderly get counseling about end—of-life issues．Although demagogue (蛊惑民心的政客)as a“death panel”，a program in Wisconsin to get patients to talk to their doctors about how they want to deal win death was actually an outstanding success．A study by the Archives of Intermale Medicine shows that such conversations between doctors and patients call decrease costs by about 35 percent--while improving the quality of life at the end．
J．Patients should be encouraged to draft living wills to make their end．of-life desires known．
Unfortunately，such paper can be useless if there is a family member at the bedside demanding heroic measures．“A lot of the tittle guilt is playing a role，”says Dr．David Tokharian，a surgeon and CEO of the Massachusetts General Physicians Organization．Doctors can feel guilty．too—about overtreating Patients roric Diana．recalls his unease over operating to treat a severe heart infection in a woman with two forms of metastatic(转移)cancer who was already comatose(昏迷的).The family insisted．
K．Studies show that about 70 percent of people want to die at home—but that about half die in hospitals．
There has been an important hl-crease in hospice(临终关怀病房)or palliative (缓解的)care--keeping patients with．incurable diseases as comfortable as possible while they live out the remainder of their lives．Hospice services are generally intended for the terminally ill in the last six months of life，but as  a practical matter, many people receive hospice care for only a few weeks.
L．That's what my mother wanted. After convincing the doctors that she meant it--that she really was ready to die--she was transferred from the ICU to a hospice, where, five days later, she passed away. In the ICU, as they removed all the monitors and pulled out all the tubes and wires, she made a shaking motion with her hands. She seemed to be signaling goodbye to all that--I'm free to go in peace.
Receipting counseling about end-of-life issues may improve the patients' quality of life at the end.


4、回答题：
        If you are trying to do your bit for sustainability and save water by taking shorter showers, then a new report on sustainability reveals for the first time that there are more effective ways that our everyday choices can have a positive impact on the environment.
        For example, the glass of juice you have for breakfast might have used the same amount of water in its production as the amount you have just saved by cutting your shower from 10 to 5 minutes. The milk on your cereal might have used even more.
        Balancing Act, a world first that has been developed for the Australia economy by scientists from CSIRO (澳大利亚联邦科学月工业研究组织) and the University of Sydney, looks across 135 industry sectors of the Australian economy and quantifies the impacts and contributions across ten social, environmental, and financial indicators.
Report co-author CSIRO scientist, Barney Foran, says that sustainability for Australia is a balancing act as we try to make decisions and trade-offs in the face of often-competing economic, social and environmental attributes.
        "We still need to eat and shower—and it is still worth taking shorter showers to save our stressed urban water supplies—but now consumers have a new tool to help us make more informed choices about different types of products based on a new sustainability rating," says Foran.
        Different to other studies because of its detailed observation of the full production chain, this report is able to show the full effects--both direct and indirect  of the production of an individual conunodity or serwce, cappuccinos( 卡布奇诺咖啡 )or haircuts.  It highlights sustainability challenges for different industries and points out areas in the production chain where a focused effort would make a significant difference.
        All effects are referenced back to a consumption dollar  roughly the dollar spent by a consumer in everyday life. It also shows that each consumption dollar is quite different-some dollars are positive and create employment, or suck in imports or generate government revenue. Other consumption dollars are less positive through their high use of water or production of greenhouse gas emissions.
        This relatively simple presentation of highly complex issues makes this a powerful tool for people who are interested in sustainability to move beyond decisions based on dollars and cents and enables them to make decisions based on a contribution to society, environment, and economy.

The new report on sustainability ________.
A．suggests that saving water by raking shorter showers is ineffective
B．provides more effective daily ways that can protect environment
C．indicates that drinking juice wastes more water than taking long shower
D．reveals that milk uses more water in its production than juice does


5、Passage One
Questionsare based on the following passage．
Scientists at Washington University School of Medicine in the US found higher levels of protein S1PR2(磷酸鞘氨醇受体蛋白)in tests on the brains of female mice and dead women with MS than in male equivalents．Four times more women than men are currently diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis(多发性硬化症)．
Experts said the finding was “really interesting”．MS affects the nerves in the brain and spinal cord，which causes problems with muscle movement，balance and vision．It is a major cause of disability, and affects about 1 00，000 people in the UK．Abnormal immune cells a Rack nerve cells in the central Nervous system in MS patients．There is currently no cure，A．though there are treatments that can help in the early stages of the disease．
Researchers in Missouri looked at relapsing remitting(复发缓解型)MS，where people have distinct attacks of symptoms that then fade away either partially or completely．About 85% of all people with MS have this type．Scientists studied the blood vessels and brains of healthy mice，mice with MS，and mice without the gene for SlPR2，a blood vessel receptor protein，to see how it affected MS severity．They A．so 100ked at the brain tissue samples of 20 people after they had died．They found high levels of S1PR2 in the areas of the brain typically damaged by MS in both mice and people．The activity of the gene coding for S1 PR2 was positively correlated with the severity of the disease in mice．the study said．．
Scientists said S l PR2 could work by helping to make the blood-brain barrier,in charge of stopping potentially harmful substances from entering the brain and spial fluid．more permeable．A more permeable barrier could let attacking cells，which cause MS，into the central nervous system，the study said．This link[between MS and S lPR2] is completely new一it has never been found before．
Dr Emma Gray,of the MS Society, said：”We don’t yet fully understand why MS affects more women than men, and it’s an area that’s intrigued scientists，and people with MS，for many years．She said understanding the causes of MS was a“priority”for the MS Society in the UK．and could be“crucial”in finding new treatments．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
What can we infer from the last sentence in Para．1 ?
A．Women are more likely to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis．
B．Men are more likely to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis．
C．Male mice are more likely to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis．
D．Female mice are more likely to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis．


简答题
6、1．很多大学生在业余时间开网店赚钱
2．有人支持，有人反对
3．我的看法
On Students Running Online Shops
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7、水资源是人类的生命之源，人们的生存离不开水。中国是一个缺水严重的国家，人均可利用水资源量约为900立方米，并且分布极不均衡(extreme|y imba|anced)。到20世纪末，全国600多座城市中，已有400多个城市存在供水不足的问题，其中比较严重的缺水城市多达1 10个。中国是世界上用水多的国家，同时也是水资源浪费严重的国家。节约用水是每个人应尽的责任和义务。


8、故宫(Forb i dden o i ty)是世界上规模、保存完整的帝王宫殿建筑群。它位于北京的中心，是明清两朝的皇宫。明朝的十四个皇帝和清朝的十个皇帝曾在这里居住，他们统治中国的时间长达491年。故宫始建于明朝永乐四年，历经15年方才建成，迄今已有570多年的历史。它占地72万多平方米，四周有各类宫殿房屋9900余间。故宫的建筑集中地体现了中国古代建筑艺术的精湛水平和民族特色。


9、You shouM write a short essay entitled Free Admission to Museums?
写作导航
1．引出话题：博物馆对公众免费开放的利与弊；
2．具体阐述博物馆对公众免费开放的好处以及带来的一些问题；
3．提出自已的想法。


10、 You should write a short essay on the topic on a Harmonious Dormitory Life．
写作导航
1．指出宿舍生活未必和谐；
2．简要阐述和谐的宿舍生活带来的好处；
3．从生活方式、处理矛盾等方面阐述如何创造和保持和谐的宿舍生活，
4．进行总结。