单项选择题
1、Questions are based on the following passage.
Eating a Mediterranean-style diet--packed with fruits，vegetables，legumes（豆类．，nuts，olive oil and丘sh—is good for your heart.many studies have found.Now scientists are suggesting the diet may be goodfor your mental health，to0.
A study of over l0，000 Spaniards followed for almost four and half years on average found that thosewho reported eating a healthy Mediterranean diet at the beginning of the study were about half as likelyto develop depression than those who said they did not stick to the diet.
All of the participants were free of depression when they were recruited to the study，and each filledout a l36-item food frequency questionnaire when they joined.Based on their serf-reported dietary habits，they were assigned a score between o and 9，with the highest score reflecting the closest sticking to aMediterranean diet.
Over time，those who had scored between 5 and 9on the Mediterranean diet were 42 percent to51
percent less likely to develop depression，the study found，than those who scored between o and 2.
ne study does not prove a cause—and-effect relationship between the Mediterranean diet and a lowerrisk for depression，only an association between the tw0.Still，many scientists are convinced that somedamaging processes involved in cardiovascular（心脏血管的．disease may also play a role in mental health.“Both cardiovascular disease and depression share conunon mechanisms，”said Dr.Miguel AngelMartinez.Gonzalez，professor of preventive medicine at University of Navarra in Pamplona,Spam，and seniorauthor of the paper，published in the October issue of Archives of General Psychiatry.
?
“ne m醐曲帆L懈（细胞膜．of our nerve cell are composed of fat，so the quality of fat that you areeating definitely has all influence on the quality of the neuron membranes，and the body’s combination ofneurotrausmitters is dependent on the vitamins you’re eatin9.”Dr.Martinez.Gonzalez added． “We thinkthose least sticking to the Mediterranean dietary plan have a deficiency of essential nutrients.’’
The elements of the diet most closely linked to a lower risk of depression were fruits.nuts and
legumes，the study found.
Scientists have proved that a Mediterranean-style diet.
A．helps develop a healthy heart
B．results in a healthy mind
C．is popular among Spaniards
D．contains little fat


2、
A Mess on the Ladder of Success
A． Throughout American history there has almost always been at least one central economic narrativethat gave the ambitious or unsatisfied reason to pack up and seek their fortune elsewhere． For thefrst 300 or so years of European settlement, the story was about moving outward: getting immigrantsto the continent and then to the frontier to clear the prairies (大草原), drain the wetlands and buildnew cities．
B． By the end of the 19th century, as the frontier vanished, the U．S． had a mild panic attack． Whatwould this energetic, enterprising country, be without new lands to conquer?． Some people, such asTeddy Roosevelt, decided to keep on conquering (Cuba, the Philippines, etc．), but eventually, inindustrialization, the U．S． found a new narrative of economic mobility at home． From the 1890s to the1960s, people moved from farm to city, first in "the North and then in the South． In fact, by the1950s, there was enough prosperity and white-collar work that many began to move to the suburbs．．As the population aged, there was also a shift from the cold Rust Belt to the comforts of the SunBelt． We think of this as an old person's migration, but it created many jobs for the young inconstruction and health care, not to mention tourism, retail and restaurants．
C． For the last 20 years--from the end of the cold war through two burst bubbles in a single decade--the U．S． has been casting about for its next economic narrative． And now it is experiencing anotherperiod of． panic, which is bad news for much of the workfor~e but particularly for its youngestmemher
D． The U．S． has always been a remarkably mobile country, but new data from the Cen~sus Bureauindicate that mobility has reached its lowest level in recorded history． Sure, some people are stuck inhomes valued at less than their mortgages (抵押贷款), but many young people--who don't own homesand don't yet have families--are staying put, too． This suggests, among other things, that peoplearen't packing up for new economic opportunities the way they used to． Rather than dividing thecountry into the 1 percenters versus (与．．．．．相对) everyone else, the split in our economy is reallybetween two other, classes: the mobile and immobile．
E． Part of the problem is that the country's largest industries are in decline． In the past, it was perfectlyclear where young people should go for work (Chicago in the 1870s, Detroit in the 1910s, Houston inthe 1970s) and, more or less, what they'd be doing when they got there (killing cattle, building cars,selling oil)． And these industries were large enougl~ to offer jobs to each class of worker, from un-skilled laborer to manager or engineer． Today, the few bright spots in our economy are relativelysmall (though some promise future growth) and decentralized． There are great jobs in Silicon Valley,in the biotech research capitals of Boston and Raleigh-Durham and in advanced manufacturing plantsalong the southern 1-85 corridor． These companies recruit all over the country and the globe forworkers with specific abilities． (You don't need to be the next Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook,to get a job in one of the microhubs (微中心), by the way． But you will almost certainly need atleast a B．A． in computer science or a year or two at a technical school．) This newer, select job mar-ket is national, and it offers members of the mobile class competitive salaries and higher bargainingpower．
F． Many members of the immobile class, on the other hand, live in the America of the gloomyheadlines． If you have no specialized skills, there's little reason to uproot to another state and be thelast in line for a low-paying job at a new auto plant or a green-energy startup． The surprise in thecensus (普查) data, however, is that the immobile workforce is not limited to unskilled workers． Infact, many have a college degree．
G． Until now, a B．A． in any subject was a near-guarantee of at least middle-class wages． But today, aquarter of college graduates make less than the typical worker without a bachelor's degree． DavidAutor, a prominent labor economist at M．I．T．, recently told me that a college degree alone is nolonger a guarantor of a good job． While graduates from top universities are still likely to get a goodjob no matter what their major is, he said, graduates from less-famous schools are going to bejudged on what they know． To compete for jobs on a national level, they should be armed with theskills that emerging industries need, whether technical or not．
H． Those without such specialized skills--like poetry, or even history, majors--are already competingwith their neighbors for the same sorts of second-rate,poorer-paying local jobs like low-levelmanagement or big-box retail sales． And with the low-skilied labor market atomized into thousands ofmicroeconomies, immobile workers are less able to demand better wages or conditions or to acquirevaluable skills．
I． So what, exactly, should the ambitious young worker of today be learning? Unfortunately, it's hard tosay, since the U．S． doesn't have one clear national project． There are plenty of emerging, smaller in-dustries, but which ones are the most promising? (Nanotechnology's (纳米技术) moment of remarkablegrowth seems to have been 5 years into the future for something like 20 years now．) It's not clearexactly what skills are most needed or if they will even be valuable in a decade．
J． What is clear is that all sorts of govenunent issues--education, health-insurance portability, workerretraining--are no longer just bonuses to already prosperous lives but existential requirements． It's inall． of our interests to make sure that as many people as possible are able to move toward opportu-nity, and America's ability to invest people and money in excithag new ideas is still greater than that
of most other wealthy countries． (As recently as five years-ago, U．S． migration was twice the rate ofEuropean Union states．) That, at least, is some comfort at a time when our national economy seemsto be searching for its next story line．
 Unlike in the past, a college degree alone does not guarantee a good job for its holder．


3、听录音,回答题

A． To look for a job as a salesperson． 
B． To have a talk with Miss Thompson．
C． To place an order for some products．
D． To complain about a faulty appliance．10． 


4、Questions are based on the following passage．
Energy independence．It has a nice ring to it, doesn't it? If you think so, you're not alone, because energy independence has been the dream of American presidents for decades, and never more so than in the past few years, when the most recent oil price shock has been partly responsible for kicking off the great recession．
 “Energy independence” and its rhetorical(修辞的) companion “energy security', are, however, slippery concepts that are rarely thought through．What is it we want independence from, exactly?
Most people would probably say that they want tobe independent from imported oil．But there are reasons that we buy all that off from elsewhere．
The first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running．Yes, there is a trickle (涓涓细流)of biofuel (生物燃料) available, and more may become available, but most biofueis cause economic wasteand environmental destruction．
Second, Americans have basically decided that they don't really want to produce all their Own oil．They value the environmental quality they preserve, over their off imports from abroad．Vast areas of the United States are off-limits to off exploration and production in the name of environmental protection．To what extent are Americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energy production in order to cut back imports?
Third, there are benefits to trade．It allows for economic efficiency, and when we buy things from places that have lower production costs than we do, we benefit．And although you don't read about this much, the United States is also a large exporter of off products, selling about 2 million barrels of petroleum products per day to about 90 countries．
There is no question that the United States imports a great deal of energy and, in fact, relies on that steady flow to maintain its economy．When that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in short supplies and higher prices．At the same time, we derive massive economic benefits when we buy the most affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world．
What does the author say about energy independence for America?
A．It sounds very attractive．
B．It ensures national security．
C．It will bring oil prices down． 
D．It has long been everyone's dream．


5、根据材料，回答问题。
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA．,B．, C． and D．. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people's. In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle--compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.
If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can't find the way to get the right answer. Let's end this nonsense of grades, exams,marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.
Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one's life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, "But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get in the world?" Don't worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it.
What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things?
A．By imitating what other people do.
B．By making mistakes and having them corrected.
C．By listening to explanations from skilled people.
D．By asking a great many questions.


6、根据材料，回答问题。
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
One in five US workers regularly attends after-work drinks with co-workers, where the most common36 range from bad-mouthing (说……的坏话) another worker to kissing a colleague and drinking too much, according to a study37on Tuesday.
Most workers attend so-called happy hours to 38 with colleagues, although 15 percent go to hear the latest office gossip and 13 percent go because they feel obligated, said the survey conducted for CareerBuilder. corn, an online job site.
As to what happens when the after-work drinks flow, 16 percent reported bad-mouthing a colleague, 10 percent shared a secret about a colleague, 8 percent kissed a colleague and 8 percent said they drank too much and acted39.5 percent said they had shared a secret about the company, and 4 percent40to singing karaoke.
While 21 percent of those who attend say happy hours are good for41,85 percent said attending had not helped them get42to someone higher up or get a better position.
An equal number of men and women said they attend happy hours with co-workers, with younger workers aged 25 to 34 most likely and workers over 55 least43to attend.
Overall, 21 percent of workers attend happy hours with co-workers and, of those,44a quarter go at least once a month.
The survey was45online by Harris Interactive on behalf of CareerBuilder. com among 6,987 full-time employees.
A． bond
B. acknowledged
C． nearly
D． specially
E.anywhere
F. mishaps
G. obligated
H. likely
I. conducted
J. idly
K. unprofessionally
L. networking
M . released
N. confessed
O. researched
36.__________


7、根据材料，回答问题。
People's tastes in recreation differ widely. At a recent festival of pop-music in the Isle of Wight, crowds of teenagers flocked to listen to their favorite singers and musicians. They went with single railway tickets and slept in the open, a very risky thing to do in the climate of Britain, even in August. They were packed together like sardines for four days. There were innumerable thieves, a gang of roughs tried several times to break things up, and police were everywhere. At the end of the festival many young fans found themselves broke, with no money left,and they had difficulty in getting back home. Most people would consider these conditions a nightmare of discomfort; the fans appeared to enjoy it all enormously.
 Even in the overcrowded United Kingdom there are large tracts of open un-spoilt country, where people with more traditional tastes can go for quiet, and for the sense of freedom they derive from contact with nature. In the national parks especially, modern development of housing and industry is strictly controlled. Visitors may walk for miles through landscape of the greatest beauty and wildness, and often of considerable historic or scientific interest. Along the coasts of some of the maritime counties, public pathways have been created; these paths stretch for many miles along cliffs that look out on the Atlantic Ocean or the English Channel. Another path,lying inland, goes along the range of mountains in the north of England. It is called the Pennine Way. Here, the long-distance waller and the nature-lover can find much to enjoy, without feeling disturbed by large numbers of their fellows.
 Yet few people make full use of the national parks established for everyone's benefit. The commonest thing nowadays is for family groups to motor out to a beautiful spot and park their cars in a lay-by ( 英国的路旁停车带 ). A picnic basket is produced, along with a folding table and chairs, a kettle and a portable stove. They then settle down to a picnic in the lay-by beside the car. Apparently their idea of enjoyment is to get into the fresh air and amongst the country sights and sounds without having to wall a yard. They seem almost to like to hear and to smell the traffic.
In Britain it is very risky to __________.
A．go with a single railway ticket
B．listen to pop-music at the festival
C．sleep in the open
D．pack together in crowds


简答题
8、中国高速皇塞篮（high-speed raft）网由中国铁路公司运营。该铁路网包括所有商业高速列车运行服务，邀些列车的时速平均达200公里或更高。目前中国拥有全球长的高铁线网。运营中的线路约9300公里。2012年12月25日，中国启动世界上长的线路，该线路从北京至广州，共2298公里。高铁服务于2007年引进中国。在政府的大力资助下。高铁线网正在迅速扩展。


9、


10、
"Once I learn how to use Google, isn't that allthe education I really need?"